国际商务英语(张永莉丶张中强).doc

主 编 张永莉 张中强 上海财经大学出版社 国 际 商 务 英 语 Unit One INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS 1.1 What Is International Business? 1.2 The Scope of International Business Activities 1.3 Commercial Risk 1.4 Commercial Credit 1.5 International Business Management 1.6 A Brief Introduction to WTO 1.1 What Is International Business? 1.1.1 Basic Concepts on International Business The rationale for international business between nations centers on specialization, absolute advantage and comparative advantage. Adam Smith: absolute advantage David Ricardo: comparative advantage (opportunity cost ) ※ ※ 1.1 What Is International Business? 1.1.2 Reasons for Recent International Business Growth Expansion of Technology Liberalization of Cross-Border Movements Other Reasons 1.2 The Scope of International Business Activities 1.2.1 Trade in Goods and Trade in Services International business activities concern about the trade operations of both import and export, which includes the purchase and the sale of both visible and invisible goods. Purchase and sale of visible goods is called trade in goods, while purchase and sale of invisible goods is called trade in services. 1.2 The Scope of International Business Activities 1.2.2 International Investment International investment has a crucial impact on a nation’s balance of payments. When foreign direct investment (FDI) is made, capital enters a country, enabling it to import manufactured materials to build a new manufacturing plant and to pay workers. FDI flows to developing countries have been heavily concentrated in two sectors. 1.2 The Scope of International Business Activities 1.2.3 Cultural Conflicts in International Business Cultural Conflict in Negotiation Cultural Conflict in Marketing Cultural Conflict in Business Administration Cultural Conflicts in Business Public Relations 1.3 Commercial Risk The special risk elements confronted in international business activity include financial, political, regulatory and tax risks. The fi