《妇产科学》课件：第11章第1节流产.pptVIP

* Surgical staging replaced clinical staging in 1989 and has since proved more reliable, more accurate for prognosis and more useful for defining the need for adjuvant therapy than clinical staging. This is primarily because surgical staging more accurately defines the extent of a patient’s disease with respect to metastases, depth of invasion, cervical involvement, etc. * Clinical Stage I disease will be upstaged 30% of the time at laparotomy 5% for positive adnexa (Surgical Stage IIIa) 6% for positive para-aortic lymph nodes (Surgical Stage IIIc) 9% for positive pelvic nodes (Surgical Stage