祈使句的直接引语变间接引语讲解.docVIP

祈使句的直接引语变间接引语是重要语法点, 现作一小结。 当直接引语的句子是祈使句时, 间接引语常用动词不定式表示; 如果祈使句为否定式, 变为间接引语时, 则将原句变为动词不定式的否定式。间接引语的动词应根据句子的意思和说话者的口气作相应的改变, 一般将原句的say酌情改为ask, beg, tell, order, demand等动词, 并在动词的后面加相应的人称作宾语。为使间接引语的语气和意义更贴近原句, 可按下列情况酌情选用不同的谓语动词。 1. 一般情况将原句的动词say改为tell。例如: ①He said, “Hurry up! →He told me to hurry up. 他告诉我快一点。 ②She said, “Dont put your bag here, Mary. →She told Mary not to put her bag there. 她告诉玛丽不要把袋子放在那里。 ③He said, “Never eat too much. →He told /warned us never to eat too much. 他告诉我们永远不要吃得太多。 ④The teacher said, “Dont be late again, Mary. →The teacher told Mary not to be late again. 老师告诉玛丽不要再迟到了。 2. 有的祈使句含有please一词, 以表示婉转的语气, 将这类祈使句变为间接引语, 通常将原句的say改为ask或beg。值得注意的是, please一词在改为间接引语时去掉。例如: ①Tom said to Alice, “Come here tomorrow, please. →Tom asked Alice to go there the next day. 汤姆要求艾丽斯第二天去那里。 ②He said to her, Please dont tell John the news. →He asked her not to tell John the news. 他要求她不要把那个消息告诉约翰。 ③She said, “Please give me some milk. →She begged me to give her some milk. 她请求我给她一点儿牛奶。 3. 如果是上级对下级说的话, 或者原句带有命令式的口气, 一般用动词order或tell, 也可用say+that从句, 从句的谓语用be to+不定式或have got to +不定式表示。例如: ①He said to us, “Get it done at once. →He ordered us to get it done at once. →He said that we were to get it done at once. 他命令我们马上把它办好。 ②The doctor said, “Stay in bed for a week. →The doctor ordered /told me to stay in bed for a week. →The doctor said that I had got to stay in bed for a week. 大夫嘱咐我卧床静养一周。 ③She said, “Dont close the windows. →She told me not to close the windows. →She said that I wasnt to close the windows. 她叫我不要关窗户。 4. 由Let开头的祈使句, 大都表示建议, 这类祈使句变为间接引语时, 常用suggest+doing sth. 或suggest+that从句句式, 有时也用urge sb. to do sth. 表示。例如: ①He said, “Lets go out for a walk. →He suggested that they should go out for a walk. →He suggested their going out for a walk. 他建议他们到外面去散步。 ②Mother said, “Let Henry tidy the sitting room. →Mother suggested that Henry should tidy the sitting room. →Mother suggested Henrys tidying the sitting room. 母亲提议由亨利来整理客厅。 ③She said, “Lets not tell Tom the bad news.