基于Wi-Fi的公共建筑人员被动定位及人群流向检测方法与应用.pdfVIP

摘 要 随着城市化进程的不断推进，功能多元的公共建筑场所日渐成为人们开展活 动的首选，这同样为日常的消防安全管理与火灾等突发应急情况下的人群疏散带 来了巨大的挑战。因此，管理人员在用户“无感”的情况下获取人群的分布规律 与行为特征，针对高风险的聚集行为采取及时的干预疏散措施，并在应急救援时 对群众实施精准的定位与救援，将为室内场所安全运营与人员生命财产安全提供 强有力的保障。现有室内定位技术可满足个体的高精度定位，实现群体定位则对 定位技术提出了更高的要求，基于Wi-Fi 的被动室内定位技术有更广泛的应用基 础，为室内人群的精确定位与人群流向的分析提供了应用的可能。 本文以提高室内二维及楼层的定位精度，实现移动数据可视化、人群分布的 动态监测与分析为目标，使用改进的Wi-Fi 室内指纹的被动定位方法，实现了移 动数据的可视化。本文主要工作和贡献有：（1）针对Wi-Fi 信号在室内定位实现 中，离线指纹数据库准确度低的问题，分析选择滤波结果更佳高斯滤波法，获得 了高准确性与高稳定性的指纹数据库；（2 ）针对无线电信号在传播过程中的衰减 现象，结合室内结构使用 K-means 聚类方法优化指纹数据库，实现楼层判别； （3 ）针对现有匹配算法较低的准确率，使用改进的WKNN 算法，结合K-means 聚类方法提高定位精度；（4 ）实现移动数据的可视化表达，从人群分布、人群迁 徙、个体轨迹追踪三个方面实现对人群流向的分析，直观地显示出人群的移动趋 势，实现了基于Wi-Fi 被动定位的流向监测。 关键词：Wi-Fi 室内定位；楼层判别；被动定位；流向检测 I Abstract As the urbanization process continues to advance, multi-functional public building sites are becoming the first choice for people to carry out activities, which also brings great challenges to daily fire safety management and evacuation of people in emergency situations such as fire emergencies. Therefore, the management staff obtains the distribution pattern and behavior characteristics of the crowd when the user is insensitive, takes timely intervention and evacuation measures for the high-risk aggregation behavior, and implements accurate positioning and rescue of the crowd during emergency rescue. Provide a strong guarantee for the safe operation of indoor places and the safety of peoples lives and property. Existing indoor positioning technology can meet the high-precision positioning of individuals, and the realization of group positioning puts forward higher requirements for positioning technology. Passive indoor positioning technology based on Wi-Fi has a wider application basis, which is The analysis of crowd flow provides the possibil