讲课用--非谓语动词--分词的用法2.pptVIP

分词概述 分词既有动词的特征，又有形容词和副词的特征。分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词有一般式和完成式，过去分词没有这种区别。及物动词的现在分词还有主动形式和被动形式的区别。分词常用的形式如表所示（以及物动词do 和不及物动词go为例）： 1．Are you going to fix the car yourself, or are you going to have it ____? A. fixing B. to fix C. fix D. fixed 【译文】：你打算自己修车还是让人修理呢？ 【答案】： 2．I’ll still be unable to make myself ___ in the discussion, which worries me a lot. A. to be understood B. understanding C. understood D. understand 【译文】：在讨论中我仍然不能让大家明白我的意思，这让我很着急。 【答案】： Last night we all went to the cinema, because the film was very (excite)____. 【译文】：昨天我们都去看电影了，因为电影很令人兴奋。 【答案】： 分词的时态 1）一般式表示与主语动词同时发生。例如： 　 Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.　 听到这一消息，他高兴得手舞足蹈。 　 Arriving there, they found the boy dead.　一到那儿，他们就发现那男孩死了。 典型例题 　　The secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president. A. to prepare　 B. preparing　 C. prepared　 D. was preparing　 　　答案B. 此处没有连词，不能选D，否则出现了两个谓语动词worked和was preparing。 只能在B，C中选一个。又因前后两个动作同时发生，且与主语为主动关系，应用现在分词。 2）完成时表示先于主语动词发生。例如： 　　While walking in the garden，he hurt his leg. 在花园里散步时他伤了腿。 　　分词作时间状语，如果先与主动词的动作，且强调先后， 要用having done。 　　Having finished his homework, he went out. 做完作业后，他出去了。 　 =As he had finished his homework, he went out. 　　典型例题 　　___ a reply, he decided to write again.　 A. Not receiving　　B. Receiving not　 C. Not having received　 D. Having not received　　 　 答案C. 本题考查分词的时态与分词的否定式。根据题意判断，分词的动作（接信）发生在谓语动词的动作（决心再写信）之前，因此用分词的完成式。分词的否定式的构成为not +分词，故选C。该句可理解为：Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again. 5.The teacher came into the classroom, following by six students. 例1．If all the people agree on the (suggest) plan, we shall hold the sports meet at the end of this month. （表示被动、完成） 【译文】：如果大家都同意所提的计划，我们就在这个月底举行运动会。 例2．The children (play) the violin over there will go on the stage next week. （表示主动、进行） 【译文】：正在那里拉小提琴的小孩下周将上台表演。 例3．I have found some articles ____ the harmful effects of drinking. （ 表示主动） A. being concerned B. concerned C. to concern D. concerning 【译文】：我找到了一些关于喝酒有害健康的文章。 【答案】： 4）