美国司法制度.docxVIP

.. 美国司法制度受到 经济基础、政治体制、社会需求、利益平衡、传统习惯、文化 等社会因 素以及特定的历史条件的制约。 American judicial system is restricted by economic foundation, political system, social demand, interest balance, traditional customs, culture and other social factors, as well as the specific historical conditions. 美国是英、美法系国家。 The United States is the British and American legal system countries 独立前，原 13 个殖民地基本沿袭英国的法律传统，又根据各自需要自立法令，自成司法体系。 Before independence, the original 13 colonies basically followed the tradition of the English law, and according to their own needs independent laws, from the judicial system 独立后， 1787 年美国宪法对司法权作了原则性规定， 1789 年美国国会颁布的《司法条例》 规定了联邦法院的组织、管辖权和诉讼程序，逐步形成了现有的司法制度。 After independence, the United States in 1787 Constitution provides for the principle of judicial power, in 1789 the United States Congress enacted the judicial regulations provisions of the federal court organization, jurisdiction and procedure, the existing judicial system gradually formed 美国司法制度的主要特点有：贯彻三权分立的原则，实行司法独立； 法院组织分为联邦和地方两大系统；联邦最高法院享有特殊的司法审查权，等等。 The main features of the American judicial system are: (to implement the principle of separation of the three powers, to implement judicial independence ;) the court organization is divided into federal and local two systems; the Supreme Court has special judicial review power, and so on. 司法组织 juridical organization 美国法院 组织复杂， 分为 联邦法院和州法院 两大系统， 适用各自的宪法和法律， 管辖不同的案件和地域。 The United States courts are organized into two major systems, the federal court and the state court, each of which is governed by their respective constitutions and laws, which have jurisdiction over different cases and regions. 联邦最高法院 是联邦法院系统中的最高审级 ，由 1 位首席法官和 8 位法官组成，其判决为终审判决，并享有特殊的司法审查权（见（美国联邦最高法院） The Supreme Court is the highest trial level in the federal system, composed of 1 judges and 8 judges, the decision is final, and has the power of judicial review . .. 州法院系统极不统一，一般由州初审法院、州上诉法院和州最高法院组成。 The state court system is not unified, generally unified by the state trial court, the state court of