英语句子成分五种简单句.pptVIP

句子成分 英语的基本成分有八种: 主语( subject) 谓语( predicate) 宾语( object) 表语( predicative) 定语( attribute) 状语( adverbial) 补足语( complement 向位语( appositive 主语:是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句 首。但在 there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑 问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词 或情态动词后面。 o 1)Mr. Lee is a well-known scientist. . o 2) He reads newspapers everyday ÷3) What we sha∥ do next is not yet decided, 谓语:说明主语的动作或所处的状态。谓语 ( predicate)或谓语动词( predicate verb)的位置一般 在主语之后。谓语由简单动词或动词短语(助动词或 情态动词+主要动词)构成 o 1)The new term begins on the 1st of September. . o 2) would like to invite all my friends here 5 He is working in the garden 表语:是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词(如be, become)之后, 与系动词一起构成复合谓语,说明主语的身份,特征,属性或 状态等。单词、短语或从句均可充当表语 ÷1 Wang,s father is a doctor,(名词) 2) He is always careless(形容词) 3) The basketball match is on.(副词) 4) All the pupils are on the playground now.(介词短语) 宾语:表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动 词或介词后面 . 1)Wang Ling give me a book to read in the bus. (XX 宾语) .o 2) The medicine is good for this boy. .o 3)Do you understand what I mean? 定语:是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句 子,汉语中常用“……的’表示。 Mary is a chemistry teacher..(名词作定语) He is our friend.(代词作定语) 冷 He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形 容词作定语) The man over there is my old friend.、(副词作定语) 状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明方式、 因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目 的等。 1) She sings quite wel!(副词) 2)On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom.(介词短语) 3)Arriving there, call me up. 4The boy needs a pen to do his homework 5)He is very handsome. 补足语:用来补充说明宾语或主语的性质、状 态。分为宾补和主补。 主补:对主语的补充 He was elected monitor She was found singing in the next room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. 宾语补足语:在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作, 状态,特征 We elected him monitor.(名词作宾补) We will make them happy.(形容词作宾补) We found nobody in.(副词作宾补) Please make yourself at home.(介词短语作宾补) Dont let him do that.(省t不定式名词作宾补) .o His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带to不定式名词作宾补) Don t keep the fire burning(现在分词名词作宾补) have my bike repaired.(过去分词名词作宾