地球物理流体力学课件：lecture5_PV_dynamics.pptVIP

Hoskins (1991) In the case of a positive PV anomaly, the isentropes are characterised by higher values than in the surrounding areas (indicating colder air). The height of the tropopause has a local minimum. The corresponding pressure and wind field shows an area with low pressure and a cyclonic circulation. In the case of a negative PV anomaly, the isentropes are characterised by lower values than in the surrounding areas (indicating warmer air). The height of the tropopause has a local maximum. The corresponding pressure and wind field shows an area with high pressure and an anticyclonic circulation. * 第五讲PV（位涡）动力学 PV概念的历史演变 Rossby （1930－40年代） －Ertel 位涡（1940-50年代） －准地转位涡 Charney 等（1960-70年代） －等熵位涡 HMR（1985） 从涡度到PV 正压模式 浅水模式 准地转模式 斜压原始方程模式 以浅水模式为例 Vallis,(2006) PV 的 性质 PV和地球物理流体运动现象 PV是平衡动力学（balance dynamics）中最重要的物理量 正压不稳定、斜压不稳定 气旋生成（Cyclogenesis） 极涡动力学 平流层动力学 Storm Track动力学 急流动力学 波－流相互作用 PV和地球物理流体运动现象 大洋环流动力学 海洋西边界流的动力学 南大洋动力学 海洋中尺度涡动力学 海洋涡致混合和海洋模式参数化 气候动力学 ！！！ PV应用的一些例子 McIntyre， 2015） McIntyre， 2015） HMR (1985) HMR (1985) HMR (1985) HMR (1985) HMR (1985) HMR (1985) HMR (1985) HMR (1985) 阻塞高压 边界上的PV异常 HMR (1985) HMR (1985) Rossby波的传播 HMR (1985) 正压或斜压不稳定 HMR (1985) Rossby 波的破碎 HMR (1985) Cyclogenesis HMR (1985) In the case of a positive PV anomaly, the isentropes are characterised by higher values than in the surrounding areas (indicating colder air). The height of the tropopause has a local minimum. The corresponding pressure and wind field shows an area with low pressure and a cyclonic circulation. In the case of a negative PV anomaly, the isentropes are characterised by lower values than in the surrounding areas (indicating warmer air). The height of the tropopause has a local maximum. The corresponding pressure and wind field shows an area with high pressure and an anticyclonic circulation. *