高三英语语法专题(二)名词性从句.docxVIP

高三英语语法专题（二） 高三英语语法专题（二） 名词性从句 在英语中，通常把主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句统称为名词性从句。 名词性从句在句中相当于一个名词或名词词组，在句中充当主语、 表语、宾语或同位语等。 引导名词性从句的词通常分为三 类:①连接词有 that/whether/if 等; ②连接代词有 what/ who / which/ whatever / whoever / whichever / whom / whomever 等 ;③连接副词有 when / where / why / how 等，名词性从句中缺少什么成分就找什么引导词，如果不缺少成分通常 that 来引导。 一．主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语 it 代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语和 it 引导强调句的比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句， 主要是为了平衡句子结构， 主语从句的连接词没有变化。而 it 引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词 that。被强调部分指人时也可用 who/whom 。例如： It is a pity that you didn? t go to see the film. It doesn?t interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window. 2. 用 it 作形式主语的结构 (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that ? 事实是 ?? It is an honor that ? ?? 非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that ? ?? 是常识 It is a pity that ? 可惜的是 ?? It is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that ? 很自然 ?? It is strange that ? 奇怪的是 ?? It is certain that ? 很肯定 It ＋连系动词或不及物动词＋从句 It seems that ? 似乎 ?? It happened that ? 碰巧 ?? It is ＋过去分词＋从句 It is reported that ? 据报道 ?? It has been proved that ? 已证实 ?? 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况 if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 It is said , (reported) 结构中?的主语从句不可提前。例如： It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right) That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong) (3) It happens ?, It occurs 结?构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right) That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (wrong) (4) It doesn ’t matter how/whether 结构?中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 1 高三英语语法专题（二） It doesn?t matter whether he is wrong or not. (right) Whether he is wrong or not doesn?t matter. (wrong) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right) Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong) what 与 that 在引导主语从句时的区别 What 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语 ,宾语 ,表语，而 that 则不然。 What you said yesterday is right. That she is still alive is a surprise to all of us. 二．宾语从句 宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。 作动词