高等教育：《Spin自旋》英文版.docxVIP

Chapter 12 Spin （自旋） The Mathematical Description of Spin Wave Function with Spin The Pauli Equation Experimental demonstration of spin (1) The results of the experiment done by Stern-Gerlach in 1922 denote that every electron has one intrinsic (内禀)angular momentum (spin) of 力/2 , which is corresponding to a magnetic moment (磁矩)of one Bohr magneton (玻尔磁子)， 2mc (2) The doublet splitting of sodium atom? The transition of valence electron from the first excited state to the ground state (2p—?2s) lead to two adjacent spectral lines of 589.0 nm and 589.6 nm. The magn让ude of the magnetic moment of the electron caused by the orbital motion, M = -^-L 2mc The z component of the orbital angular momentum is quantized by means of mt = 0, ±1，+/ For each angular momentum 彷，there are 2/+1 possibilities. For the doublet of sodium atom, 2厶+1 =2, so s严W— 1/2 s严W Spin angular momentum is only The Mathematical Description of Spin Spin is an angular momentum, and its description is analogous to the orbital angular momentum? Its three components are /X /\ /\ /\ Sy， Their commutation relations are S爲-SA 二 ihSz SyS 厂 S^Sy = ihSx s几—Sd =叫 S’Sj—Sd~ 2方切金We introduce Pauli matrices (y. , and define S’Sj—Sd ~ 2方切金 S , S =-ri(y , TOC \o 1-5 \h \z * 2 兀 『 2 ， Their commutation relations are cr cr —oo - 2io\ x y y x z (J(J —(J(J = 2q y z z y 天 八 八 八 八 C ? 八 OQ -cr CF = 2l(y CT0J - CT Pi = 2l CT0J - CT Pi = 2l ￡ ijk(J k 八 八 r ?八 jxj = 2kj In its eigenrepresentayion （能量表象），the eigenvalues of 01 is ± 1, and they can be written by the form of diagonal matrix, namely l 0、 E - ‘I 0、 -l; 0 b 5 Since the un让 matrix unchanged when the representation changes, so and C y in the representation of O兀 and C y in the representation of O兀, To obtain the matrices of C we use Multiplication from the left and from the right by O y , and addition, we get bgq-吓)= 2q0 (ayaz-azay)ay=2iaxay r\ ? /入 入 八八\ /\/八？\ /\八 \ /八八 八/\ 2i(cr cr +crcr) = cr(crcr — cr cr)+ (cr cr —crcr 、xy y %7 yyz 乙 y 丿 zy =6。厂“ According to(T