不等式选讲高考专题复习.docxVIP

不等式选讲 [知识点复习] 1、不等式的基本性质 ①（对称性）?a???b???b???a ②（传递性）?a???b,?b???c???a???c ③（可加性）?a???b???a???c???b???c （同向可加性）?a???b,c???d???a???c???b???d （异向可减性）?a???b,c???d???a???c???b???d ④（可积性）?a???b,c???0???ac???bc a???b,c???0???ac???bc ⑤（同向正数可乘性）?a???b???0,?c???d???0???ac???bd （异向正数可除性）?a???b???0,0???c???d???a???b c d ⑥（平方法则）?a???b???0???a?n???bn?(n???N?,?且n???1) ⑦（开方法则）?a???b???0???n?a???n?b?(n???N?,?且n???1) 1 1 1 1 ⑧（倒数法则）?a???b???0?? ? ;?a???b???0?? ? a b a b 2、几个重要不等式 ①?a2???b2???2ab??a，b???R??,（当且仅当?a???b?时取?????号）. 变形公式：?ab??  a2???b2 2  . 变形公式：?? a???b???2???ab??? ab??????? ???.②（基本不等式） a???b? 变形公式：?? a???b???2???ab??? ab??????? ???. 2 ??a???b??2 ??2?? 用基本不等式求最值时（积定和最小，和定积最大）?要注意满足三个条件“一正、二定、三相等”. ③（三个正数的算术—几何平均不等式） a???b???c 3  ??3?abc?(a、b、c???R???)?（当且仅当?a???b???c?时取到等号）. ④?a2???b2???c2???ab???bc???ca??a，b???R??（当且仅当?a???b???c?时取到等号）. ⑤?a3???b3???c3???3abc(a???0,?b???0,?c???0)?（当且仅当?a???b???c?时取到等号）. ??? ??2?（当仅当?a=b? ??? ??2?（当仅当?a=b?时取等号） 若ab??0,?则 ????????2?（当仅当?a=b?时取等号） b??a??????????????????????????????????b??a a??b??????????????????????????????????a??b ⑦?? ??????? ??1??????? ????? ⑦?? ??????? ??1??????? ????? 其中?(a???b???0，m???0，n???0) a a???m b???n b 规律：小于?1?同加则变大，大于?1?同加则变小. x⑧?当a???0时，???a???x2???a2???x????a或x???a; x???a???x2???a2????a???x???a. x ⑨绝对值三角不等式?a???b???a???b???a???b?. 3、几个著名不等式 ①平均不等式： ????ab???a???b??2?????????????????a2???b2??a，b???R???,（当且仅当?a?? ????ab???a???b?? a?1???b?1?2???????2 （即调和平均???几何平均???算术平均???平方平均）. 变形公式： ab???????????a ab???? ????? ??2?? a2???b2 2  ;????a?2???b2?? (a???b)2 2  . n 1②幂平均不等式：?a?2?? n 1 1 2  2  ??...? ??a?2?? n 1  (a???a???...? ??a?)2. 2?n ③二维形式的三角不等式： x?2???y?2???x?2???y 1 1 2  2 2 ??(?x???x?)2???(?y???y?)2?(?x?,?y?,?x?,?y???R). 1?2?1?2?1?1?2?2 ④二维形式的柯西不等式： (a?2???b2?)(c?2???d?2?)???(ac???bd?)2?(a,?b,?c,?d???R). 当且仅当?ad???bc?时，等号成立. ⑤三维形式的柯西不等式： (a?2???a?2???a?2?)(b?2???b?2???b?2?)???(a?b???a?b???a?b?)2?. 1 2 3 1 2 3 1?1 2?2 3?3 ⑥一般形式的柯西不等式： (a?2???a?2???...???a?2?)(b?2???b?2???...???b?2?)???(a?b?