国际贸易实务双语教程第四unit.pptxVIP

;Chapter 1 A brief introduction to  international trade ;International trade, also called world trade, foreign trade or overseas trade, is the fair and deliberate exchange of goods and / or services across national boundaries. ;Section One Reasons for international trade (从事国际贸易的动机) ;Resource Acquisition (寻求资源 P2) Resource distribution around the world is uneven. No nation has all the economic resources it needs. Countries that do not have these resources within their own boundaries must buy them from other countries . ; ;2. Benefits Acquisition (追求利润 P2) ; Theory of Comparative Advantage 比较优势理论 Or: Comparative Cost Theory比较成本理论 （by Adam Smith, David Ricardo, John Stuart and other economists in the 19th century）;1. Which country has an absolute advantage in producing cloth? 2. Which country has an absolute advantage in producing wine? 3.What should they specialize in respectively? ; Fact: Some countries has no absolute advantage in producing any products. Question: Can these countries make profits by doing business with those who has absolute advantage?;1) In which product does U.S.A have an absolute advantage? 2) In which product does Brazil have a comparative advantage? 3) What should the two countries specialize in? ;Americans have an absolute advantage in producing both cars and computers. Using three units of PR (productive resource) to produce 1,000 computers in the United States requires sacrificing the production of 150 cars. Using four units of PR to produce 1,000 computers in Brazil requires sacrificing only 100 cars. Conclusion: Brazilians have a comparative advantage in producing computers. ; Conclusion for point 2 (P3) As long as there is minor differences in the efficiency of producing a c