用英语介绍湖南.docxVIP

. Hunan is a province of China, located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and south of Lake Dongting (hence the name Hunan, meaning south of the lake). Hunan is sometimes called Xiang for short, after the Xiang River which runs through the province. Hunan borders Hubei in the north, Jiangxi to the east, Guangdong to the south, Guangxi to the southwest, Guizhou to the west, and Chongqing to the northwest. It ’s capital is Changsha. History Hunan entered the written history of China around 350 BC, when under the kings of the Zhou dynasty it became part of the State of Chu. Until then Hunan was a land of primeval （ [pra ?mi:v ?l]，原始的） forests, occupied by the ancestors （[? nsist ?]，祖先, 祖宗） of the modern Miao, Tujia, Dong and Yao peoples, but starting at this time and for hundreds of years thereafter （此后，在那之后）it was a magnet （有吸引力的人或物） for migration （[ma??gre???n]， 迁移，迁居，迁徙） of Han Chinese from the north, who cleared most of the forests and began farming rice in the valleys and plains. To this day, many of the small villages in Hunan are named after the Han families which originally [?r?d??n?li:] ，起初，原来） settled there. Migration from the north was especially prevalent （ [prev ?l?nt]，普遍的 , 盛行的 , 流行的） during the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties Periods, when nomadic （ [n?? ?m? d?k]，游牧的，流浪的） invaders overran （占领，侵害） the north. During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, Hunan was home to its own independent regime, Ma Chu. Hunan, was, together with Hubei, a part of the province of Huguang till the Qing dynasty. Hunan became an important communications center from its position on the Yangzi River (Changjiang) and on the Imperial （ [impi?ri?l]，帝国的 , 帝王的） Highway constructed between northern and southern China. Its land produced grain so abundantly （[??b?nd?ntl?]） that it fed many parts of China with its surpluses （[s?:pl ?s]，过剩的） . The population continued to climb until, by the nineteenth century, Hunan was overcrowded and prone