《Past Simple vs. Past Perfect一般过去时和过去完成时》.pptVIP

Past Simple vs. Past Perfect一般过去时和过去完成时 1. cleaned the blackboard 2. closed the window ——————∣—————∣—————→∣——→ now had cleaned the blackboard closed the window She had cleaned the blackboard before she closed the window. After she had cleaned the blackboard , she closed the window. drank water had run out of breath 1. ran out of breath 2. drank water He had run out of breath before he drank water. After he had run out of breath, he drank water. ——————∣—————∣—————→∣——→ now 1. ate an apple 2. slept ——————∣—————∣—————→∣——→ now had eaten an apple slept She had eaten an apple before she slept. After she had eaten an apple , she slept. 2. played ping pong 1. did his homework ——————∣—————∣—————→∣——→ now played ping pong had done his homework He had done his homework before he played ping pong. After he had done his homework , he played Ping pong. Discussion: The structure of the Past perfect tense:（结构） 2.The definition of the Past perfect tense: （定义） 主语+had + 动词的过去分词 (p.p.) 定义： 强调过去某一个动作发生在 另一个动作前常常用过去完成时态。 1.在老师进入教室前, 李磊擦了黑 板. LiLei ______________ (clean) the blackboard before the teacher came into the classroom. had cleaned 2. 当我们到那儿时火车已经离开了。 The train __________ (leave) when we arrived there. had left We use the past perfect simple when we need to make it clear that an event took place before another past event. 构成： 过去完成时的判断依据: 1. 由时间状语来判定：一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有： (1) by + 过去的时间点。如： 昨天晚上九点前我已经读完这本小说了。 I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. (2) by the end of + 过去的时间点。如： 截止到上学期末，我们已经学了两千多个英文单词了。 We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. (3) before + 过去的时间点。如： 上周三以前他们已经中了六百棵树了。 They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 2. 由“过去的过去”来判定：过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在： (1) 宾语从句中: 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等