浅谈抬梁式古建筑屋盖的受力特点精品.docx

浅谈抬梁式古建筑屋盖的受力特点精品.docx

浅谈抬梁式古建筑屋盖的受力特点 林锦滔* (福建九鼎工程质量检测有限公司,福州 350002) 摘要: 中国传统抬梁式古建筑的坡屋顶屋架需承受较大屋盖自重荷载,特别是重檐歇山顶建筑,但其仍能 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 够具有良好的跨越能力。古代匠师通过选材保证构成屋架的杆件具有良好的强度及刚度,并对屋架结构的 形式优化使得其具有较为良好的受力模式。古建筑木屋架是如何受力,其与桁架式木屋盖的屋架对比有什 么特点,本文通过对两种屋架及同跨度梁在相同荷载作用下,构成屋架和横梁的最底层杆件内力进行分析 比较,揭示它们的受力特点。表明桁架结构具有较好的受力特点,古建筑屋架虽未能如桁架一样受力优越, 但与同跨度梁相比,使得承受内力大大减小。 关键词:古建筑;受力;桁架 中图分类号:TU366.2 The mechanical characteristics of ancient building roof LIN Ji ntao (Fujian the Jiuding Engineering Quality Testing Co ., Ltd ., Fuzhou 350002) Abstract: China traditional pitched roof of ancient buildings which need to bear a larger roof weight load, such as double eaves culmen, still be able to have a good leap ability. The ancient craftsmen guarantee the quality through selecting higher lever member constituting the roof truss which has a good strength and stiffness, and the form of the roof truss structure is optimized so that it has relatively good force modes. What is the characteristics of ancient building truss when it compares with trussed timber roof. In this paper, the two roof trusses and the same span beam are compared under the same loads.The paper compares their force characteristics of the bottom member which is constituted the roof trusses and beams.Truss structure has good mechanical characteristics which is superior to ancient buildings. However, compared with the same span beam,ancient building truss reduce internal forces greatly. Key words: Ancient building; Force; Truss 0引言 为分析抬梁式传统古建筑屋顶的屋架(以下简称传统木屋架)受力特点,本文从构成木 屋架所选用的材料入手,分析木材的材料性能,将其与钢、砼、木、砌块、土等等这几大类 材料的强度、弹性模量做对比,表明木材具有良好强度、刚度及跨越能力 [1][2]。分析传统木 屋架与桁架及同跨度梁在相同荷载作用下,力流在构架内部的传导,从而揭示传统木屋架的 受力特点。 1木材的力学性能 材料是构成建筑的基础,因此对建筑材料的选用至关重要,如何选用一种既易得又具有 足够力学性能的材料是设计师需要考虑的问题。树木是自然界的建筑师,发达的根系是它的 基础,围径不过半米的树干构成它的主体,支撑着高耸云天的巨冠。在古代社会混凝土未出 现的情况下,木材成为匠师们的首选。本文将常用的建筑结构组成材料包括钢、砼、木、砌 块、土等等这几大类作对比,表 1列出几种材料的力学性能指标。 作者简介:林锦滔(1984年-),男,工程师,建筑结构检测.E-mail: 45 50 55 60 65 表1材料力学性能 Tab.1 Mechanical Properties of Materials 材料 钢[3](Q235) 砼[4] (C30) 木[5] (T C15A

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