锅炉水位系统控制的设计.doc

摘 要 锅炉的建模与控制问题一直是人们关注的焦点，而汽包水位是工业锅炉安全、稳定运行的重要指标，保证水位控制在给定范围内，对于提高蒸汽品质、减少设备损耗和运行损耗、确保整个网络安全运行具有重要意义。 模糊控制是建立在人工经验基础之上的，它能将熟练操作员的实践经验加以总结和描述，并用语言表达出来，得到定性的、不精确的控制规则，不需要被控对象的数学模型。模糊控制易于被人们接受，构造容易，鲁棒性和适应性好。 本文分析了汽包水位对象的动态特性，介绍传统的控制方式。由于锅炉水位控制系统的调节器输入端常加有三个输入量，极易引起水位控制偏差，本文提出了两种消除水位偏差的方法：（1）辅助信号自消方法（2）辅助信号对消方法。根据三冲量水位调节系统控制水位误差,设计采用了三冲量PID串级控制方式采用辅助信号蒸汽流量和给水流量对消方法消除水位偏差。 根据锅炉控制现状，提出了参数自整定模糊控制规则，设计了二输入三输出自适应模糊PID控制器对汽包水位进行控制，克服了传统控制方式的控制效果不精确和参数难以调整等缺点。利用MATLAB对传统PID控制系统和三冲量自适应模糊PID控制系统仿真，结果表明后者的自适应能力更强，抗干扰能力和鲁棒性更好，保证水位的稳定。 关键词：汽包水位； 三冲量； 串级系统； PID控制； 模糊控制； Abstract The problem of modeling and control is a attention focus of people .The boiler water lever is importance index of industry boiler safety and satabilization.it is importance meanimg to ensure water level in definite range for increasing quality of steam and reducing wastage of equipment and insuring safety of whole hert-power-net. The fuzzy control based on foundation of manpower experience,it is summarize and describe of skill woker’s practise experience,it is giverd expression to using vocabulary,it’s gained mathematics model of nonprecise object.The fuzzy control is facility to be accepted and structure. This article analyses dynamic characteristic of water level object and introduces traditional control method.Because there are three inputs accede to adister of water lever control system of boiler,it is easy to bring error of water lever controlling.This iartice puts forward two methods to dispel error of water lever:(1)assistant signal self-disappear.(2)assistant signals each other dispel.According to three impulse control water lever error,designing three impulse PID cascade control system. A ccording to actuality of boiler control,putting forward fuzy control rule of paramete self-adaptability,designing The Self-Adaptability Fuzz PID Control System.This system gets over disadvantage of no precision and difficulting to adjust parameter for using tradition control methods.This article designes cascade PI