句子扩展与常见错误.ppt

The Expansion of Basic Sentence Patterns  1. Elements of a sentence A sentence consists of 2 main parts: subject and a predicate Subject: is the word or words that names the person, thing or place that a sentence is about. It is usually a noun or a pronoun Predicate: The predicate tells what the subject is or does It consists of a verb and its modifiers or complements. The verb is the most important part of the predicate. It expresses action or a state of being. A complement is a word or words used to complete the meaning of the verb  2. Types of sentences 1. Simple sentence enjoy playing tennis and look forward to it every week. (2 predicate verbs My friends and I play tennis and go bowling every weekend. (2 subject noun or proun, and 2 predicate verbs 2. Compound sentence I enjoy playing tennis, but I hate playing golf I enjoy playing tennis; I hate playing golf 3. Complex sentence Although I enjoy playing tennis, i hate golf Whether o or not has not been decided 4. Compound-complex sentence I hate playing golf, but I enjoy playing tennis even though I am not very good at it  3. Basic sentence patterns SVay( subject intransitive verb sⅤ句型是最基本的简单句型。主语通常是名词或代词,谓语是不及物动 词或动词短语。这一句型还通常带有状语A( adverbial),用来说明时间、 地点、目的、方式、或程度等。 There be结构是一种较常见的特殊的句 子结构,可以看作是SV句型的一种变体。 There be+S(主语)+A(状语) 是个倒装句。 e.g. There exist /are a variety of opinions on this question SVC f]y( subject +linking verb +subject complement 在主系表结构中,因系动词在句中不能单独作谓语,须和说明或表示主语 身份、特征及状态的补足语(表语)一起构成合成谓语(系表结构 e.g. Microwave popcorn has become a big hit in American households SVO句型( subject+ transitive verb+ direct obiect e.g. Would you mind filling out this application form?  SVOiOd fully( subiect +transitive verb+ indirect obiect + direct obiect e.g. The boss accorded him a hearty reception in the new sales promotion campaig SVOC A( subject transitive verb+ object +object complement 宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、副词、分词(短语)、不定式(短语)、 介词(短语)等构成。 用不定式作宾语补足语,表达和强调已发生或未发生的事实 用现在分词作宾补