强烈 绝对经典Atomic Physics and Quantum Effects原子物理光电.pptVIP

Chapter 27 Atomic Physics and Quantum Effects Classical physics vs Modern physics Is the value of energy in systems is restricted? If we have enough information about the present state, can we predict exactly what will happen in the future? Arrived at modern physics through study of light is it a wave or a particle?  27.2 Blackbody radiation Using the particle idea to explain blackbody radiation Hot bodies emit radiation (wavelength range depends on temperature and material To predict the wavelengths radiated we idealize matter as a black body absorbs and emits all wavelengths equally well Many things behave pproximately as black 5000K bodies: used to predict s surface temperature 93o0K 9300K 6500K 5000K 3z00K  Classical Experimental data used to relate the te black body to the wavelength EXI It the peak of the Wiens law AT=constant Wavelength Attempts were made to derive a function for the intensity- wavelength plots. Lord rayleigh derived an equation based on the wave nature of light ckt But what does this predict for smaller wavelengths? (1) Called theultraviolet catastrophe l(n )could not be  27.2 Plancks explanation: quantization of energy Max Planck derived an accurate relationship between i and n b assuming that energy may only be absorbed and emitted in discrete amounts(but he did not believe in this at first This idea was developed further in Einsteins interpretation of the FIGURE 27-5 Ramp versus stair photoelectric effect: light also analogy (a) On a ramp, a box can have continuous values of potential energ behaves like a particle (b) But on stairs. the box can have only discrete (quantized) values of enerey  Next experiment that gave us some clues When a material is irradiated by light ,i electrons may be ejected from the material-energy is transferred from the light to the electrons. (ocean analogy) Now, what would you expect to happen under the following conditions A metal surface is st