inflection词的屈折曲折.ppt

Inflection词的屈折 Definition?Inflection is variation in the form of a word, typically by means of an affix(词缀 ), that expresses a grammatical contrast which is obligatory for the stem’s (词干 )word class in some given grammatical context. Inflectional affixes屈折词缀　　inflection: the manifestation of grammatical relationship through the addition of inflectional affixes,such as number,person,finiteness,aspect and case,which do not change the grammatical class of the stems to which they are attached. 　　屈折变化：屈折变化是通过附加屈折词缀的语法关系的表现，如数、人称、有定性、体、格，屈折词缀不会改变所附加词语的语法类。 　 　affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are inflectional 　　Inflectional affixes 　　屈折词缀加在词干的后边，传递不同的语法关系或语法范畴，如数、时、格等。如 books中的-s是屈折词缀，传递复数；wiser中的-er是屈折词缀，传递比较级概念，等。 Inflection is a process which combines words and affixes (always suffixes in English) to produce different word forms of the same lexeme.Inflectional morphology occurs with nouns, pronouns and verbs. In nouns,inflection marks plurality in regular nouns: Inflection and DerivationSum up, inflection is a process which produces different word forms of the same lexeme; whereas derivation creates new words If derivation and inflection co-occurs, derivations are inner, closer to the stem, and inflections are outer, furthest from the stem. Example Base +Derivation +Inflection frightened fright -en -ed activating act -ate -ing payments pay -ment -s resignations resign -ation -s Derivation is the formation of a new word or inflectable stem from another word or stem. It typically occurs by the addition of an affix.?The derived word is often of a different word class from the original.Derivational affixes（派生词缀） 　　A） prefix: A prefix comes before words. 　B）suffix: A prefix comes after words前缀出现在单词的前边。前缀的主要功能是改变词干的语义，一般来说前缀不改变词的词性，如，当我们在friendly前边加上un-时，它的语义发生了改变，但是单词的词性不变。但是，也有一些例外情况，如：unearth, enlarge, prewar等。后缀加在词干的后边。后缀主要改变词性，也可以改变语义的功能。 Types of derivational affixes Derivational affixes are of two kinds: