生理学教学课件：血液循环.ppt

Epinephrine Released from adrenal medulla on sympathetic activation Neural Control of MAP Negative feedback loops Detector = baroreceptors Integration Center = cardiovascular centers in the brainstem Controllers = autonomic nervous system Effectors = heart and blood vessels Arterial Baroreceptors Baroreceptors = stretch receptors Arterial baroreceptors High pressure baroreceptors Sinoaortic baroreceptors Location Carotid sinus Aortic arch Response of Baroreceptors Baroreceptor Reflex Negative feedback loop to maintain blood pressure at normal level Components of Baroreceptor Reflex Detectors = baroreceptors Afferents = visceral afferents Integration center = cardiovascular control center Efferents = autonomic nervous system Effectors = heart, arterioles, veins Hydrostatic Pressure Gradient Hydrostatic pressure gradient Arteriole end: 38 – 1 = 37 mm Hg, filtration Venous end: 16 – 1 = 15 mm Hg Favors reabsorption Osmotic Pressure Gradient Capillary oncotic osmotic pressure 25 mm Hg Favors reabsorption Interstitial Fluid oncotic osmotic pressure 0-1 mm Hg Favors filtration Osmotic Pressure Gradient Osmotic pressure gradient 25 – 0 = 25 mm Hg Favors reabsorption Direction of Starling Forces Across a Capillary Wall Starling Forces Across A Capillary Wall Direction of Fluid Movement Across a Capillary Wall Net Filtration Pressure Net Filtration Pressure = Filtration pressure – absorption pressure NFP = (PCAP + pIF) – (pCAP + PIF) Arteriole end: (38 + 0) – (25 + 1) = 12 mm Hg, filtration Venous end: (16 + 0) – (25 + 1) = -10 mm Hg, absorption Net Filtration Pressure Net across capillary: Filtration Absorption Net filtration = 3 L/day Lymphatic system picks up excess filtrate and returns it to circulation Factors Affecting Filtration and Absorption Across Capillaries Standing on feet – increases hydrostatic pressure Injuries Capillaries damaged and leak fluid proteins Histamine increases capillary permeability to proteins Liver disease Decrease in pl