初中定语从句的总结用法大全.docVIP

定语从句 走进中考 定语从句的难点在于学生分析不清楚先行词， 不能正确使用关系 代词和关系副词， 不能正确理解定语从句中的一些特殊用法。 中考对 于定语从句的掌握要求如下： 掌握关系代词的用法，特别是 that ， which ， who， whom，whose作主语、表语和定语的用法。 掌握关系副词 when， where ， why 引导定语从句的用法； 掌握“介词 +关系代词”的用法，尤其是介词的选取和使用； 掌握关系代词 that 和 which 的用法的异同； 掌握表示地点或时间的名词充当先行词时， 关系代词和关系副 词的选择问题。 思维导图 定语从句的概念和位置 在句子中起定语作用的从句成为定语从句。定语从句在句子的作用相当于形容 词，故又称为形容词从句。 （在复合句中， 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句） 。 .: Do you know the girl who is singing on the stage? This is the museum which was built last year. 先行词和关系代词 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。 引导定语从句的词叫关系词， 指代先行词， 放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又充当定语从句的某一个成分（主语、宾语、表语、状语等）； .: The man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle. 先行词 关系代词（在从句中做主语） The train which has just left is for Shenzhen. 先行词 关系代词（做主语） Let ’s find a place where we can have a picnic. 先行词 关系副词（地点状语） 关系代词 =连接词 + 代词 定语从句的构 成： He has a car. + The car has 7 seats. == He has a car and it has 7 seats. == He has a car which has 7 seats. The hotel is very clean. + We stayed here. == The hotel where we stayed was very clean. We met a man. + The man directed us to the factory. =We met a man and he directed us to the factory. =We met a man who directed us to the factory. 关系代词引导的定语从句 出题点： A 指代人的关系代词充当主语、宾语、表语的用法； B指代物的关系代词充当主语、宾语、表语的用法。 关系代词在句子中起连接、替代的作用，在句子中充当一定的成分，修饰前 面的先行词。引导定语从句的关系代词 that ，which ， who， whom， whose，主要用法如下表格： 主语 宾语 所有格 人 Who/that Whom/that Whose 事物、动词 Which/that Which/that Whose 人 +动物 that that 人 +事物 关系代词与普通代词的区别：普通代词只起替代作用。 关系代词替代先行词，在定语从句中充当一定的成分，同时把先行词与定语从句联系在一起，起连词的作用。 That 引导的定语从句 That 可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语。作宾语时可以省略。作介词宾语时，介词不可提到 that 之前，若介词提到前面，指物用 which 指人用 whom .: Views that are entirely new may also be hard to accept. We need a person that is right for the job. The picture (that) we are studying was drawn by a fifteen-year-old student. Which 引导的定语从句 Which 一般指物， 在定语从句中作主语和宾语。 作宾语的关系代词 which 可以省略（放介词后除外）： .: The river which runs through the center of the city was polluted seriously. The story (which) he told was very popular. The house in which I used to live has become a shoe s