Lecture5变质作用与变质岩.pdfVIP

Chapter 5 Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks 变质作用与变质岩 Outline • Metamorphism – The agents of metamorphism 变质营力 – Types of metamorphism – Plate Tectonics and Metamorphism 板块构造与变质 作用 • Metamorphic Rocks – Classification – Metamorphic Zones and Facies – Natural resources from metamorphic rocks Why study metamorphic rocks? • Metamorphic rocks make up 27.4% of the Earth’s rocks • Certain minerals in metamorphic rocks give clues about the conditions existing when they formed • Used widely as building materials and manufacturing • 岩浆岩占地壳总体积的64.7% • 沉积岩占地壳总体积的7.9% （占陆地表面积的75%） • 变质岩占地壳总体积的27.4% • 多用作建筑和制造业 Metamorphism • Metamorphism - The transformation of rocks, usually beneath Earths surface, as the result of heat, pressure, and/or fluid activity, produces metamorphic rocks - During metamorphism, rocks are subjected to sufficient heat, pressure and fluid activity to change their mineral composition or texture, or both. - All this occurs below the melting point in the solid state. – 变质作用：岩石在基本上处于固体状态下，受到温度、 压力及化学活动性流体的作用，发生矿物成分、化学成 分、岩石结构与构造变化的地质作用。 – 岩石变质基本上未发生熔融 – 变质作用主要发生在地表以下一定深度 The Agents of Metamorphism • The three principal agents of metamorphism are heat, pressure and fluid activity. – Intrusive magmas or deep burial provide heat which causes metamorphism. – Pressure is produced by overlying rocks (lithostatic) or is differential pressure produced by various stresses. – Fluid activity increases the rate of metamorphism. The Agents of Metamorphism • Heat - Increases the rate of chemical reactions that produce different minerals 150°- 180°～800°- 900° • Heat Sources – Extrusive lava – Intrusive magma – Deep b