细胞与组织适应表现与损伤.pptVIP

细胞和组织的适应表现和损伤; Contents Adaptation适应 Cell and tissue injury损伤 Reversible injury 可逆性损伤 Irreversible injury 不可逆性损伤 Apoptosis凋亡 Cellular ageing(study by yourself) 细胞老化 ;Normal cell正常细胞;Section1 Adaptation 第一节 适应;Atrophy(萎 缩);萎缩的分类 1.Physiological atrophy生理性萎缩 2.Pathological atrophy病理性萎缩 (1)Lack of nutrition 营养不良性萎缩 Cachexia(恶病质) : tumor necrosis factor (TNF) Atrophy of brain: loss of blood supply for a long time ;atropy;Lack of nutrition;Lack of nutrition;(2)Pressure atrophy压迫性萎缩;(3)Disused atrophy 失用性萎缩 (4) Denervation atrophy去神经性萎缩 神经对局部组织器官 代谢的调节作用消失 （如:小儿麻痹症） ; (5)Loss of endocrine stimulation or Hormone-induced atrophy内分泌刺激减少或激素诱导性萎缩Simmond’s disease 垂体功能低下 The adrenal gland atrophy 病理变化: 结局:;案例1【病例摘要】 患者，男，43岁。因腰部不适，腹部肿块入院。检查发现肿块位于右腹部，紧张度降低，有波动感。超声检查：肾脏体积增大，皮质变薄，实质内大小不等液性暗区。X线静脉尿路造影显示严重肾积水．对侧肾功能尚好，遂行患侧肾切除．病变肾脏体积２６cm*１５ cm* １２cm，皮质变薄，呈囊性，剖开其内充满淡黄色清亮液体，皮质最薄处仅为０.１cm ［分析讨论］ 　病变　发病机制 ; Hypertrophy(肥大) : hypertropy is an increase in the number of organelles and size of cells and with such change, an increase in the size of the organ. 细胞、组织和器官体积增大。;1.Physiological hypertrophy 生理性肥大 2.Pathological hypertrophy 病理性肥大 ;增生(hyperplasia);1.physiologic hyperplasia 生理性增生 (1)Hormonal hyperplasia 激素性增生 (2)Compensatory hyperplasia 代偿性增生 Hepatectory肝切除;2pathologic hyperplasia 病理性增生 (1)Excessive Hormonal stimulation 过度的激素刺激 (2 ) effects of locally produced growth factors on target cells 局部产生的生长因子对靶细胞的作用 ;化生(metaplasia);;上皮组织化生： (1)squamous metaplasia 鳞状上皮化生(简称鳞化) (2)Intestinal metaplasia 肠上皮化生(简称肠化) (3) 假幽门腺化生 间叶组织化生：connective tissue metaplasia 结缔组织化生(简称骨和软骨化生) 结局：;鳞状上皮化生（宫颈腺） HE染色 ×100;肠上皮化生（胃体腺） HE染色 ×100;;组织细胞;Section2 cell and tissue injury;degeneration: Under some conditions, many normal or abnormal amounts of various substances may be accumulated either in the cytoplasm or in the interstitial tissues. These may be harmless or may cause v