微积分大一基础知识经典讲解.pdfVIP

微积分大一基础知识经典讲解 Chapter1 Functions( 函数) 1.Definition 1)Afunction f is a rule that assigns to each element x in a set A exactly one element, called f (x ), in a set B. 2)The set A is called the domain( 定义域 ) of the function. 3)The range( 值域 ) of f is the set of all possible values of f (x ) as x varies through out the domain. Note : f (x) g ( x) 2 x 1 Example f (x) , g (x ) x 1 f (x) g (x) x 1 2.Basic Elementary Functions( 基本初等函数 ) 1) constant functions f (x )=c 2) power functions a f (x ) x , a 0 3) exponential functions x f (x ) a , a 0, a 1 domain: R range: (0, ) 4) logarithmic functions f (x ) log a x , a 0, a 1 domain: (0, ) range: R 5) trigonometric functions f (x )=sinx f (x )=cosx f (x )=tanx f (x )=cotx f (x)=secx f (x )=cscx 6) inverse trigonometric functions domain range graph f (x )=arcsinx or sin 1 x [ 1, 1] [ , ] 2 2 f (x )=arccosx or cos 1 x [ 1, 1] [ 0, ] 1 R f (x )=arctan x or tan x ( , ) 2 2 1 R f (x )=arccotx or cot x (0, ) 3. Definition Given two functions f and g, the composite function( 复合函数 ) f g is defined by ( f g )( x) f ( g(x)) 2 Note ( f g h)( x) f ( g(h(x))) Example If f ( x) x and g( x)