Presentation 150 - 掌握您的400G，表征和简化PAM4测试.pdfVIP

Master Your 400G, Characterization and simplifying PAM4 testing Steve Sekel, Keysight Technologies What is “400G Class”? Several Standards and Implementation Agreements with common basis: • Use one or more electrical or optical lane running at approximately 50 Gb/s • Most use PAM4 modulation “400G Class” includes: Ethernet – electrical and optical (single and multi-mode fiber) 50, 100, 200, 400 Gb/s OIF Common Electrical Interface (CEI-56G) – 5 reaches of electrical from die to die to backplane • CEI-56G is the basis for most other standards 64G Fibre Channel - electrical and optical (single and multi-mode fiber) 64 256 Gb/s InfiniBand 600G HDR – Electrical using 12 lanes Page 2 Why PAM4? 100GbE and CEI-28G development pushed channel bandwidths to practical limits To conserve channel bandwidth, 400G generation needs to pack more than 1 bit / Unit Interval (UI) Using 4 logic levels instead of 2 in NRZ, PAM4 packs 2 bits in each symbol NRZ (PAM-2) PAM-4 But the change to PAM4 is not easy! Page 3 Challenges of PAM4 signaling Shift is revolutionary, not evolutionary – PAM4 requires better integrity in the amplitude dimension • Need to manage more than just timing jitter – Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) is reduced by 9.6 dB. PAM4 links are more susceptible to: – Reflections – channel insertion loss is more important that through loss! – Crosstalk – need to include crosstalk aggressors for both Input (Rx) and Output (Tx) testing – Linearity – are the 4 levels evenly spaced? – Eye skew – upper eye transitions before lower eye? – PAM4 links do not run error free – rely on high gain Forward Error Correction (FEC)