现在完成时基本用法.pdfVIP

现在完成时 　　1） 现在完成时的构成：have / has + 过去分词 　　2 ）现在完成时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式 （以be和see为例）： 主 语 肯 定 式 否 定 式 疑 问 式 I /We/You/ They have I /We/You/ They Have you/ they been been here before. haven ’t been herehere before? 第一、二人称和第三人He/ She has been herebefore. Has he/ she been here 称复数以及名词复数 before. He/ She hasn ’t been herebefore? .I / We/ You/ They/before . Have you/ they/ many Many people have seen .I / We/ You/ They/people seen the film? the film. Many people haven ’t seen the film. 　　在完成时的用法： 　　1、表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果.常与already, just, ever, never, before等词连用. 如: 　　 She has never read this novel.他从未读过这本小说.(他对小说的内容 不了解) 　　2 、表示 过去的动作一直延续到现在并有可能继续延续下去. 常与 for (后跟段时间)或since (后跟点时间)等连用.如: 　　I have been a member of the Party for 10 years. 　　 I have been a member of the Party since 10 years ago. 　　注：在有for 和since 引导时间状语的句子中不能用短暂性动词，应 用与之相应的表示状态的词。　瞬间动词 （buy,die,j oin,lose……）不能 直接与for since 连用。要改变动词He has died for 3 years.(F) 　　 He has been dead for 3 years.(T) go outbe out finishbe over openbe open diebe dead　 ★1.have代替buy My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. ★2 、用keep或have代替borrow I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. ★3、用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher? ★4 、用have a cold代替catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 　　注意：①现在完成时不能和表示明确的过去时间连用。如：in 1998, last morning等 　　 ②have/has been to 表示去过 （去了又回来了） 　　 have/has gone to 表示去过 （去了没回来了） 　　 常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系如下： 1、go——be away 2 、come——be here 3、come back——be back 4 、leave——be away （be