大学英语3期末考试题,阅读题题库急加DAAN!.pdf

第一次 Why do smokers tend to weigh less than nonsmokers and gain weight when they give up the habit? Contrary to “commonknowledge ”nonsmokers, do not generally eat more than smokers, nor do they exercise less, studies find. Research performed on smokers at rest indicates that nicotine (尼古丁 ) itself can increase basal metabolic (新陈代谢的 ) rates, meaning smokers burn more energy than nonsmokers during periods of inactivity. But surveys suggest most smokers smoke not while completely at rest, but while performing light activities such as desk work that can increase metabolic rates by two or three times. Unless nicotine metabolic’s effects increase proportionally with metabolic rates, its influence on weight might be insignificant. Now a study shows that nicotine ffects on body-fuel consumption indeed increase’s e proportionally with increases in activity. “Theseresults indicate that the metabolic effect of nicotine may play a greater part in accounting for body-weight differences between smokers and nonsmokers than w as previously believed, ” says Kenneth A. Perkins and his colleagues at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. The researchers gave a nicotine nose spray to individuals performing light work— in this case riding an exercise bicycle modified to allow easy riding while subjects remain seated in a comfortable armchair. The activity raised resting metabolic rates two to three times. By analyzing air breathed out, the researchers calculated energy consumption in the armchair bicyclists before and after giving the nose spray and compared the relative changes with subjects in the control group given placebo ( （试验药物用的）无效对 照剂 ) nose sprays. Relative to their baseline bicycle expenditures, individuals in the nicotine group expended considerably more energy than did those in control group while doing the sam