土力学教学课件：ch2 water flow in soil 1.pptVIP

(11a) Calculation of pore pressure Phreatic line P 5m Pore pressure from 15 m h = 15m h = 12m h = 9m h = 6m h = 3m h = 0 (11a) (11b) Calculation of pore pressure Phreatic line P 5m Pore pressure from At P, using dam base as datum 15 m h = 15m h = 12m h = 9m h = 6m h = 3m h = 0 When building structures in relatively shallow bodies of water, it is fairly common construction practice to build a temporary sheet-pile cofferdam structure around the site and to pump the water out. The elevation or potential head is referenced to an arbitrary datum and the total head will change depending on the choice of the datum position. Therefore, it is essential that you identify your datum position in solutions to flow problems. If water flow has a velocity u, under steady state condition, then we have an additional head due to the velocity. Consider a cylinder containing a soil mass with water flowing through it at a constant rate .we connect two tubes A and B, called piezometers, at a distance, the water will rise to different heights in each of the tubes. The height of water in tube B near the exit is lower than A. Why? As the water flows through the soil, energy is dissipated through friction with the soil particles, resulting in a loss of head. Strategy You need to select a datum. From the information given. you can calculate the total head at A and B. The difference in head is the head loss over both plugs but you do not know how much head is lost in the sand and in the mixture of clays, silts, and sands. The continuity equation provides the key to finding the head loss over each plug. Assume that we wanted to compute the rate of horizontal fluid flow in this soil deposit. How would we do it? perpendicular total differential=0 Properties of Equipotentials h(x,z) = constant (1a) Flow line (FL) Equipotential (EP) h(x,z) = constant (1a) Thus: (1b) Properties of Equipotentials Flow line Equipotential