物理冶金原理：3-1-纯金属的凝固.pptxVIP

《物理冶金学原理》主要研究内容;《物理冶金学原理》研究对象:;第三部分合金相图及合金的凝固Alloy Phase Diagrams and Solidification of Alloys;纯金属的凝固Solidification of Pure Metals 形核与长大Nucleation and Growth;1、液态金属的结构： 金属熔化时物理性质的变化 ? 体积膨胀约3～5%、配位数约11、原子间距增加约1～1.5%: 原子间结合力仍很强！?熔化潜热约为蒸发热的3～7％：原子间结合力仍很强； 液态金属的结构更接近固体;一、Structure of Liquid Metals?Short-Range Order 近程有序 ?Structural Fluctuation 结构起伏?Composition Fluctuation 成分起伏;2、Properties of Liquid Metals?Fluidity 流动性 ?Viscosity 粘度?Surface Tension 表面张力?Diffusion Coefficient 扩散系数?Electric Resistance 电阻;Structure of Amorphous Alloys?Short-Range Order ?No Grain Boundaries?No Dislocations ?Composition Homogeneity;金属的凝固Solidification of Metals 形核与长大Nucleation and Growth;形核 Nucleation;G = H – TS DGv = Gs – GL = Hs-HL - T(Ss-SL) = DH-T.DS DSm = DH/Tm DGv = (DHm/Tm).DT;Spontaneous Nucleation自发形核（均匀形核）;Spontaneous Nucleation自发形核（均匀形核）;Spontaneous Nucleation自发形核（均匀形核）;;形核率及其主要影响因素;形核率及其主要影响因素;;Heterogeneous Nucleation;Effect of Wetting Angle;晶体生长－Crystal Growth;纯金属凝固典型冷却曲线Typical Cooling Curve of a Pure Metal;Atomically Rough S/L Interface（原子尺度）粗糙液－固界面;连续生长－Continuous Growth（Non-Faceted Crystal）;Non-faceted Phases;;;Effect of Solidification Cooling Rate on DAS;;Atomically Smooth S/L Interface（原子尺度）光滑液固界面;台阶侧向生长: lateral or edgewise growth;表面二维形核侧向生长Lateral Growth by Steps due to Surface Two-Dimensional Nucleation;;Lateral Growth by Steps from a Screw Dislocation;;气相沉积生长SiC晶体表面螺旋生长台阶;Growth Steps on a Rapidly Solidified TiC Crystal Surface;Fe2O3被H还原纯铁晶体表面生长台阶;Growth Steps on TiC Faceted Dendrite in a Laser Deposited TiC/Ti Composite;Faceted Phases Ti5Si3;;Non-Faceted and Faceted Phases;对“小平面晶体液固界面结构与生长机制转化”经典凝固理论的再认识;; 有关小面晶体经典凝固理论 “随凝固冷却速度增加，液/固界面结构将由原子尺度光滑向原子尺度粗糙转变、生长机制由侧向生长向连续生长机制转变”的经典凝固理论“著名推论” ，迄今只在Si等非典型小面晶体中得到实验证实。对 “高Jackson因子小面晶体”是否具有普遍适用性，一直缺乏实验及理论依据。;Growth Steps on a Rapidly Solidified TiC Crystal Surface;101～105 K/s范围内，发现TiC经典小面晶体生长新形态及演化规律，发现“原子尺度光滑的液/固界面及其台阶侧向生长机制”基本特征均不随凝固冷却速度的改变而变化！;;(a);;获全国百篇优秀博士论