M4U1 直接引语和间接引语(学案+答案).docVIP

PAGE PAGE 7 M4U1 Grammar Direct speech and reported speech I. 定义 交际中我们常常需要引述别人说的话，一种是一字不差地直接引用别人的话，放在引号内，称为直接引语（The Direct Speech）；另一种是间接地引述别人的话，称为间接引语( The Indirect Speech). 例如： He said, “China has been using PSAs to educate people.” (_______引语) He said China had been using PSAs to educate people. (________引语) II. 直接引语变间接引语的规则 1. 连接词及相关动词的变化 连接词 1. 陈述句用that连接。（可以使用的动词有 advise, agree, explain, insist, promise, remind, suggest, warn） 例：‘There are two main types of advertisements,’ the writer said to us. =_________________________________________________ She said, ‘Advertisements are an important part of our lives.’ =_______________________________________________________ ‘PSAs are often placed for free,’ the writer said. =The writer________________________________________ 2. 一般（选择，反意）疑问句用if或whether连接 例：Matt asked Ann, ‘Are you the happiest person in the world? = Matt asked Ann whether/if she was the happiest person in the world. ‘Are all ads playing tricks on us?’ I asked her =_________________________________________________ 3. 特殊疑问句仍用原来的特殊疑问词连接 I asked her, ‘How can that be true?’ = ___________________________________________ 4. 祈使句用reporting verb + object+(not) + to-infinitive 可以用于该句式的动词有：advise, encourage, invite, remind, warn 例：‘Don’t forget to take your medicine, Dad,’ my daughter said. = My daughter reminded me not to forget to take my medicine. ‘Don’t forget to bring your umbrella in case it rains’ , Mother said to me. =Mother____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 时态的变化： 时态变化 1. 如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时态，间接引语中的动词时态保持不变。 He says, “I live in London.” = He says that he ____________________ He says, “I have lived in London for years.” = He says that he__________________________ 2. 如果主句中的谓语动词是过去时态，间接引语中的动词时态作如下变化： 一般现在时—一般过去时 一般将来时—过去将来时 现在完成时—过去完成时 现在进行时—过去进行时 一般过去时—过去完成时 He said, “I live in London.” = He said ____________________________ He said, “I am living in London now.” = He said that