英语“除”的辨析.docVIP

except,except?for,besides,other?than,apart?from的辨析 英语中意思为“除了……”的表达有except／except for／besides／apart from／but／but for／other than等，它们的用法复杂多变、难以掌握，学生常常为之困惑烦恼。本文将对其进行总结、归纳、练习，使学生能够系统地掌握它们的用法，消除学生几多愁。? 1. except和besides都可解作“除……之外”但含义不同。? except表示“从所提到的人或事物中除去，即从整体中除去一部分”，表示递减的概念，含义是否定的。besides表示“除了……之外，还有……”，指“在整体中加入一部分”，表示递加的概念，含义是肯定的。? 试比较：? ①We all went except him.? 除他之外，我们都去了。(他没有去)? ②We all went besides him.? 除他之外，我们大家也都去了。(他也去了)? (1)besides常与other／more／else等词连用except常与all／every／everyone／none／nobody／everything／nothing等总括词连用。? eg. He had other people to take care of besidesme.? All the students in Class One went to the cinema except Li Ping.? (2)若句中没有实义动词do的某种形式except后接动词不定式而besides后接动词的-ing形式。? eg.I had no choice except to obey／besides obeying his order.? (3)若句中有实义动词do的某种形式二者后面都可以接动词原形。? eg.She has nothing to do except／besides go with him.? (4)二者后面都可以接从句。? eg.①Besides that he explained the theoryhe gave us some examples.? ②He is a good student except that he sometimes comes late to school.? (5)except后面可接for(构成短语except for)或其他介词短语，而besides不能。? except for主要有三层含义：? ①表示对整体主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定起部分修正主要意思的作用。? eg.Your composition is quite excellent except for several spelling mistakes.? ②表示非同类事物进行比较。? eg.The street is empty except for several cars.? ③置于句首，表达except的含义。? eg.Except for thiseverything is in order.? except for后接名(代)词可以转移为except＋从句或其他介词短语。? eg.The climate here is good except for some rainy days.(except when it rains；except that it sometimes rains；except on the rainy days)? 注意：二者用于否定句时含义相同，意思是一样的。? eg. He did nothing besides (＝except) this.? 除这件事外，他什么事也没做。? 2. apart from兼有besides和except for两种含义，后接名词、代词或动名词。? 3. but含义与except相同，都表示递减的概念，二者在多数情况下可以互换，但用法稍有区别。? ①except可以代替but但but并不一定都可以代替except如果句中有no、all、nobody、who、where等不定代词或疑问词时，多用but后跟宾语从句时，多用except。? ②but for含义有时与except for相同，但主要表示“要不是……”，常用于虚拟句，表示一种假设。? ③but位置的变化会引起人称代词主、宾格的变化。? No one but I (＝except me) knows it.? No one knows it but