GMDSS普通操作员 第10讲：Passage 26 第10讲：Passage 26.ppt

航运系航海教研室 航运系航海教研室 航运系航海教研室 航运系航海教研室 航运系航海教研室 航运系航海教研室 航运系航海教研室 航运系航海教研室 航运系航海教研室 航运系航海教研室 Passage 26 Every operator should be aware that the time of year can also influence radio communications. In the summer, electrical storms interfere with the reception of MF and HF signals. Lightning crashes can be heard on MF or HF receivers, originating from electrical storms that may be hundreds of kilometers away. Usually, only severe local storms will affect VHF reception. During periods of precipitation, whether it is rain, drizzle, snow or especially blowing snow, a phenomenon called “precipitation static” often occurs. This phenomenon, which may begin and end suddenly, results in very high noise levels at the receiver. It can last for periods of a few seconds to an hour or more. Under these conditions, MF and HF communications may be wiped out entirely. VHF communications can be affected, but to a much lesser degree. Passage 26 Communications distances in the MF, HF and VHF ranges are all affected to some degree by the following: ① Antenna height, especially for VHF communications where adequate antenna height is very important; ② Physical obstructions in the surrounding terrain, such as buildings, hills and mountains severely limit the range of VHF communications and, to a lesser degree, MF communications; and ③ The type of antenna being used, whether it is directional or non-directional, and whether the angle of radiation from the antenna is low or high. Passage 26 1. What is the probable content in the foregoing part of the passage? A. Sunspots. B. Ionospheric Anomalies. C. Some factors influencing the traveling of radio waves. D. All of the above. 正确答案：D Passage 26 2. According to the passage, what can be heard on MF or HF receivers? A. Lightning crashes originating from electrical storms that may be thousands of kilometers away. B. Lightning crashes originating from electrical storms that may be hundreds of kilometers awa