考点04 限制性定语从句（解析版）.docVIP

PAGE 1 考点04 限制性定语从句 【知识精讲】 （一）定义 1．先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。 2. 定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。定语从句通常紧跟在先行词之后。 3. 关系词：引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why。 关系词的作用：1.引导定语从句。2.代替先行词。3.在定语从句中担当某一成分。 4．关系词的具体用法表 关系词 词形 所修饰的先行词 在从句中的作用 关系代词 that 指人或物 作主语；宾语；表语 which 指物 作主语；宾语；表语 who 指人 作主语；宾语(口语中)；表语 whom 指人 作宾语 whose 指人或物 作定语 as 指人或物 作主语；宾语；表语 关系副词 when 指时间名词 作时间状语 where 指地点名词 作地点状语 why reason 作原因状语 注意：引导定语从句关系词选择的关键：判断定语从句中所缺的成分 （二）关系代词引导的定语从句 1. who指人,在定语从句中做主语。如： The boys who are playing football are from Senior Grade One. Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。 Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus. Mr. Ling is just the boy (whom) I want to see. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中也可用who代替,可省略。 The man (who/whom) you met just now is my friend. 3. which指物,在定语从句中充当主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 4. that指人时,相当于who或者whom；指物时,相当于which。在定语从句中充当主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。 The people that/who come to visit the city each year is increasing. Where is the man (that/whom) I saw this morning? Football is a game that/which is popular all over the world. English is one of the subjects (that/which) I like best. 5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。 He has a friend whose father is a doctor. I once lived in a house whose walls were painted blue. （三）关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词when, where, why分别在定语从句中充当时间状语、地点状语、原因状语。when=表时间的介词（如:in, at, during等）+which；where=表地点的介词(如:in, at , on, under等)+which；why=表原因的介词(如:for)+ which。 I still remember the day when I first came to the school. The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. （四）关系代词只能用that,而不用which 1．当先行词是anything, everything, nothing, something, all, none, little, much, the one等不定代词时； Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said? There seems to be nothing in the world that is impossible fo