操作系统概念英文课件：Chapter 13-IO systems.pptxVIP

Chapter 13 I/O SystemsTeaching hours: 2hStrong points:I/O HardwareApplication I/O Interface, Kernel I/O SubsystemTransforming I/O Requests to Hardware OperationsChapter ObjectivesExplore the structure of an operating system’s I/O subsystemDiscuss the principles of I/O hardware and its complexityProvide details of the performance aspects of I/O hardware and softwareContents 13.1 Overview 13.2 I/O Hardware13.3 Application I/O Interface13.4 Kernel I/O Subsystem13.5 Transforming I/O Requests to Hardware Operations13.6 Streams(*)13.7 Performance(*)13.1 Overview Incredible variety of I/O devicesTwo trendsIncreasing standardization of software and hardware interfacesIncreasingly broad variety of I/O devicesI/O device?difference?Functions?diskdiskdiskdiskA Typical PC Bus Structuremonitorprocessorcachegraphicscontrollerbridge/memorycontrollerSCSIcontrollermemoryexpansion busIDE disk controllerexpansion bus interfacediskdiskdiskdiskparallel portserial portkeyboardPCI busI/O device controlProcessor give commands and data to a controller to accomplish an I/O transfer.I/O instructions control devicesDevices have addresses, used by Direct I/O instructionsMemory-mapped I/O378-37F2F8-2FF3F0-3F7040-043320-32F020-0213F8-3FF200-20F000-00F3D0-3DFI/O address range (hexadecimal)serial port (secondary)game controllerDMA controllerdevicediskette-drive controllergraphics controllertimerparallel porthard-disk controllerinterrupt controllerserial port (primary)Device I/O Port Locations on PCs (partial)I/O address range (hexadecimal)13.2 I/O HardwareCommon conceptsPort : connection point, e.g. serial port.Bus: a set of wires and a rigidly defined protocol that specifies a set of messages that can be sent on the wires. (daisy chain or shared direct access)Controller : a collection of electronics that can operate a port, a bus, or a device.Serial-port controller, SCSI bus controllerhost adapter: controller implemented as a separate circuit board.I/O port 4 registers