电磁场与电磁波：7 Time-Varying Electromagnetic Fields（英文）.pptVIP

* Autotransformer ( 自耦变压器） * For case (a), we have: * The current coupling equations are: * * Time-varying magnetic field generates a circular electric field Electron is accelerated along the circular orbital, at the same it also experiences a Lorentz force The force is pointing to the center. * Electron momentum is: * With increasing momentum, its radius increases and finally stay in a stable orbital due to the decreasing strength of magnetic field at large radius. The final radius a, magnetic field B and the magnetic flux ? linking the circular orbital fulfill above equation. ? * Special B (r) distribution Time evolution of the magnetic field * Homework: Problems 7.51, 7.52, 7.53, 7.60 * Constitutive Equations For linear, homogeneous, isotropic medium: * 7.11 Boundary Conditions B is a constant quantity if When B=0→the constant quantity E=0,B=0 * * * Check: Indeed! * Ex: A solenoid with a Time-Harmonic current A infinitely long solenoid formed by tightly wrapping n turns per unit length of wire around a tube of radius a. The wire carries a alternate current I(t)=Icos(?t). Calculate generated electric field: * 7.12 Poyntings Theorem EM field energy density: Linear Medium: * 7.12 Poyntings Theorem * 7.12 Poyntings Theorem Poynting Vector (Energy flux): W/m2 At steady state, For electron and Ohm conductor: This equation is valid for all kinds of charged particles and processes. * Ex. A solid conductor of radius a and length L is carrying a uniformly distributed direct current I in the z direction. Show that the total power flowing into the conductor is equal to I2R, where R is the conductor’s resistance. Solution * S 沿径向进入导线，而不是沿电流方向 * We can add a term to S: But it does not change ??S, so Poyntings theorem is still valid. * * Poynting Vector: Averaged energy flux: * Homework 7.14, 7.17, 7.21, 7.22 * Phasor repsentation of time- harmonic fields Each component of a field vector is a real number and has a harmonic