电磁场与电磁波：4 Steady Electric Current_zmh（英文）.pptVIP

* Comparison: Generation-recombination current and diffusion-recombination current in a semiconductor pn-junction G-R (Depletion Region) D-R (Quasi-neutral region) * 4 Steady Electric Current 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Nature of Current and Current Density 4.3 Resistance of a Conductor 4.4 The Equation of Continuity 4.5 Relaxation Time 4.6 Joule’s Law 4.7 Steady Current in a vacuum tube diode 4.8 Boundary Conditions for Current Density 4.9 Analogy Between D and J 4.10 The Electromotive Force * 4.1 Introduction Electrostatics: d?v/dt=0 I=0 Steady Electric Current（自由电荷产生的电流）: d?v/dt=0 I≠0 * 4.2 Nature of Current and Current Density 4.2.1 Conduction (传导）Current 4.2.2 Conduction Current Density 4.2.3 Convection （运流）Current 4.2.4 Convection Current Density 此外还有： 隧穿电流、扩散电流、产生和消灭电流等 * 4.2.1 Conduction Current How does electrons moves in a Conductor? An electron is always moving and changing momentum by colliding with other electrons and vibrating Atoms: thermal movement. In an electric field, an electron acquire a small drift velocity along the E-field direction. Mobility According to Newton’s second law, the velocity of an electron changes as Under steady conditions, we have: Mobility: Relaxation-time Approximation :第一项为驱动项，第二项为耗散项。 * Ohm’s Law: Under steady condition, no Carrier generation and annihilation: 4.2.2 Conduction Current Density Current Density: * 4.2.3 Convection (运流）Current For fixed current: The current does not follow Ohm’s law. Electron density decreases As the anverage velocity v is not a constant , So ?v is not uniform. * 4.7 Steady current in a vacuum tube diode Relation between the electron velocity U(z) and potential V(z): Poisson’s equation: * * * 4.3 Resistance of a Conductor (1) Parallel-plate resistor (2) A spherical resistor (3) Concentric