英语中简单句基本句型.ppt

句子的成分 Members of the Sentence 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分，包括：主语、 谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。 主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。 主　语The Subject 　　　　主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”，一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语等充当。主语一般在句首。 Gina is from Australia. Lucy is an American girl. She often goes to the movies. We study in No.1 Middle School. The classroom is very clean. Three plus five equals eight. To teach them English is my job. →It is my job to teach them English. ★不定式作主语时，常用形式主语it句型 Gina, Lucy,She,We,The classroom,Three plus five,To teach them English 谓 语The Predicate 　　 说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须用动词。谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。 　 谓语一般在主语后面。 表 语The Predicative 　说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当，和系动词一起构成谓语。 一般在系动词后面。 宾 语The Object 　表示动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当，和及物动词一起说明主语“做什么”。 一般在谓语之后。 　 定　语The Attribute 用来修饰名词或代词。由形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等充当。 　　 因为名词、代词既可做主语，又可做表语、宾语，所以定语的位置很灵活，凡有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语。 状　语The Adverbial 用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，通常由副词、介词短语不定式或相当于副词的词或短语等来充当。 补 语 英语中有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后加上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思。“宾语+宾语补足语”合称复合宾语。宾语补足语主要用来说明宾语的特征、状态或身份，主要由形容词、名词、副词、介词短语、分词等充当。 * We are both quiet. He has a toothache. His parents are teachers. She looks well. We study hard. We have finished the job. He can speak English. are quiet;has a toothache;are teachers;looks well;study;have finished;can speak Her mother is a bank clerk. Are you ready? Our country is getting stronger. You look younger than before. They are at home now. My book is on the desk. Everybody is here. a bank clerk;ready;getting stronger;younger;at home;on the desk;here All of us like him. He’s playing soccer. Can I ask some questions? She is playing the piano now. He often helps me. Lucy likes to sleep in the open air. We enjoy living in China. him;soccer;questions;the piano;me;to sleep;living I have something to do. What’s your name,please? She’s a good basketball pl