故障树分析及应用.pdfVIP

故障树分析法及其应用 方玉茹 （上海大学机电工程与自动化学院，上海 200072 ） 摘要：本文研究了故障树分析法(FTA)的基本原理，介绍了从选择顶事件，建立故障树，利用结构函数进行简化， 再对故障树模型进行定性和定量分析的具体实施过程。然后展示了 FTA 目前在各行业故障诊断的应用现状，并 结合制粉系统磨煤机故障、外国长壁采煤机系统故障及自身课题研究相关的实例，阐述了 FTA 在机械故障诊断 中的实际应用。最后简单介绍了由故障树形成专家系统知识库的过程。基于故障树的诊断方法有快速、易修改等 优点，也存在人为因素大、不能处理模糊概率等缺点，故今后的研究应当尽量改善 FTA 的缺点使其适用性更强。 关键词：故障树分析法；故障诊断；机械；专家系统 Fault Tree Analysis Method and Application FANG Yu-ru (School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China) Abstract: In this paper, the basic principle of the fault tree analysis (FTA) is studied, and the specific implementation process from selecting top event, establishing the fault tree , simplifying the tree using structure function, to qualitative and quantitative analysis of fault tree model. Then the application status of FTA in fault diagnosis of various industries is shown, and actual application of FTA on mechanical fault diagnosis is expounded with instances of ball pulverizer failure, foreign longwall shearer system failure and program related instances. Finally, a brief introduction to the process of the formation of the expert system knowledge base by the fault tree is given. The diagnosis based on FTA is both quick and easy to modify, etc., but shortcomings are the human factors is big and it can not deal with the fuzzy probability. So future research should try to improve the shortcomings to make it more applicable. Key words: FTA； fault diagnosis ； mechanical ； expert system 随着科学技术发展，系统的能力和现代化水平日益提高，系统规模越来越大，复杂性也越来越高．这 类系统一旦发生故障，便会造成巨大损失。因此，寻求以最低代价和最少时间恢复系统正常工作状态的诊 断与维修方案具有重要意义．故障诊断主要研究如何对系统中出现的故障进行检测、分离和辨识，即判断 故障是否发生，定位故障发生的部位和确定故障幅值的大小。为指导故障诊断步骤的合理排序，提高故障 诊断效率，国内外学者提出了很多有效的理论和方法。故障树分析法通过分析系统的薄弱环节和完成系统 的最优化来实现对机械设备故障的预测和诊断，是一