如何书写论文材料和方法.pdfVIP

如何书写论文材料和方法 摘要结构 一般摘要为一个自然段。摘要的主要结构可以概括为下列 4个部分，按顺序排列： v 存在的问题和研究的主要目的 （motivation/problem) v 实验设计与方法 (methods/procedure/approach) v 最重要的结果 (Result/findings/product) v 主要结论和应用 (conclusion/implication) Vol 463|25 February 2010| doi:10.1038/nature08797 引言写作框架 Background to the topic (past verb tense) What is known or believed about the topic? What is still unknown or problematic? Findings of relevant studies (past verb tense) Importance of the topic. Statement of the research question Several ways can be used to signal the research question. e.g. To determine whether…. The purpose of this study was to…. This study tested the hypothesis that…. In this study, we examined the role of…. Approach taken to answer the question (past verb tense) 材料和方法 The biotech company Amgen had a team of about 100 scientists trying to reproduce the findings of 53 “landmark” articles in cancer research published by reputable labs in top journals. Only 6 of the 53 studies were reproduced (about 10%). Scientists at the pharmaceutical company, Bayer, examined 67 target-validation projects in oncology, women’s health, and cardiovascular medicine. Published results were reproduced in only14 out of 67 projects (about 21%). The reproducibility crisis Nature Methods unavailable… 实验材料和方法 Material and method部分述你是怎样来研究问 题的（how did you study the problem?) 。 包括: 你用了什么（what did you use?)和实验过程（How did you proceed?) 实验材料和方法部分的重要性 v  科学成果必须是可重复的。实验材料和方法部 分的关键是保证他人可以重复你的结果，因为 实验材料和方法部分述了你做了什么、怎么 做和用了什么？ v  审稿者常常仔细阅读研究本章节。审稿人根据 你供的实验材料和方法来判断和决定论文的 结果是否可信。 NgAgo story: lessons and caution NgAgo vs CRISPR 1.  Cas9需要19个配对的碱基，并且要求 在需要编辑的基因组上这19个碱基后面 必须紧邻一个符合一定