科研论文选题、实验等基本案例剖析.pdf

SCI论文的选题、实验原 则及案例剖析 How to publish in high profile journals? Ask Key and fundamental questions! v  Provide answer(s): conceptual advance v Elucidate mechanisms v Physiological relevance(animal models) 如何选题？ l  Fundamental questions? l  Important questions? l  Interesting questions? Pick an important problem. You cannot make an important discovery if you are not asking an important question from the start. 选题的途径？ l  Hypothesis driven: 阅读大量文献，找出要解决的重大问题，产生假说，实验 可行性… l  Data driven Data Information Knowledge Understanding If an experiment is not hypothesis-driven, then it can prove nothing. Information to understanding Rosalind Franklin’s critical X-ray diffraction The simple model of its structure image of crystallized DNA developed by James Watson and Francis 实验设计的基本原则 l  对照原则：正对照、负对照 l  随机原则：每一个受试对象都有同等的机会 被分配到任何一组，分组的结果不受人为因 素的干扰和影响。 l  重复原则：必须有2-3次生物学重复 l  均衡原则： 实验组和对照组必须遵守均衡的分组原则 Every new experiment needs a positive control and a negative control. 科学实验设计的基本步骤 修改假说 观察到现象 形成假说 验证假说 建立理论 研究课题选择的误区 l  想法越多越好 l  一味追求革命性的、突破性的成果 l  数学、理论和公式越复杂越好 l  追求史无前例 科研设计常见错误 l  研究的课题缺乏阳性和阴性对照。 l  缺乏随机组 l  缺乏双盲的研究 l  样本数量太少 l  错误分析统计 l  缺乏一个具体假说，或过分热衷于数据采集 l  缺乏理论依据 l  没有引用国际的标准或指标进行评估 案例剖析：iPS The view of development: life cycle 1.  Rejection after transplantation 2.  Usage of human embryos Absolutely No! iPS Q1: induced pluripotent cells Can differentiated cells be reverted back to a pluripotent state by the “simple” manipulation of a few factors? iPS Q1 Can differentiated cells be reverted back to a pluripotent state by