高分子材料加工技术专业英语 Structure of Macromolecular Chains 2Characterization of Polymers.doc

Characterization of Polymers Spectroscopic MethodsInfrared Spectra Spectroscopic Methods Infrared Spectra Ultraviolet spectra Nuclear Magnetic Resonance X-Ray diffraction Thermal Analysis Thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) Differential Thermal Analysis(DTA) Differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) Pyrolysis gas chromatography Mechanical analysis Tensile Compressive Flexural strength Impact resistanse Shore A and Shore D Abrasion Spectroscopic Methods Infrared Spectra Figure : FTIR spectrum of carbon black EVA and EVA/Carbon black Ultraviolet spectra Ultraviolet spectra are not used as "fingerprints" the way infrared spectra are, since the adsorption bands are generally broad owing to superimposed vibrational transitions ; instead, they provide information on conjugation in compounds. For this reason, ultraviolet spectroscopy does not have the broad applicability in the polymer field that infrared has. I has however, proved to be particularly useful in the identifying and analyzing materials in polymer such as residual monomer, antioxidant, or inhibitors. Figure : Uv spectrum of styrene in cyclohexane in different concentrations (1) : 1 mg/L, (2) : 0.1mg/L, (3) 0.01 mg/L, (4) : 0.001mg/L. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Nuclear Magnetic resonance(NMR) spectroscopy, developed ater infrared and ultraviolet, is probably the most useful of the spectroscopic methods, not only for determining chemical structure but also for providing information ob configuration or conformations in molecules and on reaction rates. In the polymer field, NMR spectroscopy can be used to "fingerprint" polymer typesin much the same way that infrared is used, and also to obtain structural information by reference to known chemical shift data. Considerable work in recent years has been directed toward elucidating the configuration of polymers of varying tacticity. Figure for example, illustrates variations in spectra for atactic, sindiotactic and isotactic, poly(methyl metacrylate). The resonance 10 ?