燃烧室几何形状对排放影响的数值研究.pdfVIP

燃烧室几何形状对排放影响的数值研究 Numerical Study of Combustion Chamber Geometry on Exhaust Emissions 黄 晨 1 尧命发 1 朱 坚 2 （1.天津大学内燃机国家重点实验室，天津 300072 ；2.广西大学机械学院，南宁 530004 ） 摘要：利用 CFD 数值方法研究了某直喷柴油机更换不同形状燃烧室对燃烧过程及排放的影 响并与实验结果对比，三维计算的示功图和放热率与实测值较为吻合。计算表明，径深比较 大的ω 燃烧室 NOx 和碳烟的排放均较高。ω 燃烧室燃油喷雾撞壁现象相对其余三个燃烧 4 4 室较弱，使得处于 NOx 易生成区间内燃油质量百分数较大，造成NOx 排放偏高。由于在喷 油初期ω ，ω 和ω 燃烧室燃油在浓混合气区分布较多，造成燃烧初期碳烟生成量较高； 1 2 3 然而在燃烧后期，ω4 燃烧室流场内涡团的存在，加速了未燃油气和碳烟的扩散，使燃油极 稀区域的分布（λ1.5 ）扩大，造成ω 燃烧室在燃烧后期碳烟氧化减慢，使ω 燃烧室最终 4 4 的碳烟排放升高。排放的计算值与实测值在趋势上有较好的一致性。 Abstract: This paper deals with the combustion shape effects on combustion process and emissions. A CFD numerical method is applied to this investigation, and there are comparisons between numerical and measured results. The computed cylinder pressures and heat release rates agree very well with the measured data. CFD numerical calculation indicates that the combustion chamber ω , of which ω number is the highest, is more likely to produce NOx and soot. The 4 fuel vapor impingement region of combustion chamber ω is less than the other chambers, thus 4 the region in which NOx is more likely to appear, is much larger than the other chambers. That is the cause of NOx formation. As for soot formation, the fuel rich region in combustion chamber ω , 1 ω and ω is rather large in the beginning of injection process. That’s why soot formation is 2 3 rather high in the beginning of combustion process. During the later part of the comb