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中考必备语法 动词的被动语态
二、考点跟踪解读
1.理解动词的语态在不同语境中的应用和结构变化。
2.掌握相应的谓语动词变化形式和常用结构。
3.掌握主动语态和被动语态之间的相互转化。
4.掌握一般现在时,一般过去时以及一般现在时带有情态动词的被动语态的用法。
三、要点精讲全解
语态表明主谓之间的关系。英语的语态有主动语态和被动语态之分。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如:
He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。 (主动语态)
The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。 (被动语态)
(一)被动语态的构成
被动语态由 “助动词 be+及物动词的过去分词
”构成。助动词 be 有人称、时态和数的变化:
时态
谓语动词构成
一般现在时
am/ is /are
一般过去时
was/were
+ p.p.( vt.)
一般将来时
will be
(及物动词的过去分词)
现在完成时
have/has been
现在进行时
am/is are+being
过去进行时
was/were+ being
1.一般现在时: be( am/ is/ are) + 及物动词的过去分词
English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。
2.一般过去时: was / were + 及物动词的过去分词
My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。
3.现在完成时: has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词
Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到现在为止,已经种了二百棵树了。
4.一般将来时: will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一个演讲。
5.现在进行时: am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词
Uncle Wang is mending my bike now. →My bike is being repaired by Tom now.
6.过去进行时: was/were+及物动词的过去分词
This road was being built this time last year. 这条路去年这个时候还在修建。
7.含有情态动词的被动语态构成:情态动词 + be + 及物动词的过去分词
Your homework must be handed in tomorrow. 明天必须交上你的作业。
被动语态的一般疑问句,须将第一个助动词移至主语之前构成。否定句须在助动词之后
加 not。如:
肯定句: The letter is written in English.
否定句: The letter isn ’twritten in English.
一般疑问句: Is the letter written in English?
(二)被动语态的用法
不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。如:
The bridge was built last year. 这座桥是去年建造的。
2.当更加强调动作的承受者时。 此时动作的执行者由 by 引导置于谓语动词之后, 不需要时可以省略。如:
The room hasn’tbeen cleaned yet.房间还没有打扫。
(三)主动语态变为被动语态
1.主动语态变为被动语态的步骤
分清主句主谓宾,宾变主来主 by 宾。谓变 be done 时不变,注意数格抄其余。 即:
(1)将主动句的宾语变为主语。如果主动句的宾语是代词,将其由宾格变为主格。
Bruce writes a letter every week. → A letter is written by Bruce every week.
Tom killed him. → He was killed by Tom.
2)将动词改为“ be+过去分词”。根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来
主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be 的形式。
They held a meeting yesterday. → A meetingwas held by them yesterday.
He has written two novels so far. → Two novelshavebeen written by him so far.
Lucy is writing a letter now. → A letterisbeing written by Lucy now.
They will plant t
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