翻译理论与实践第十一节.ppt

第十一节 名词从 句的译法 主讲：刘芳华 什么是英语名词从句？ ? 英语名词从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表 语从句和同位语从句等。翻译这类从句时， 大多数可按原文的句序译成对应的汉语，但 也有一些其他处理方法。 一、主语从句 （一）以 what, whatever, whoever 等代词引 导的主语从句翻译时一般可按原文顺序翻译。 ? What he told me was only half-truth. ? 他告诉我的 只是一些半真半假的东西而已。 ? Whatever he saw and heard on his trip gave him a very deep impression. ? 他此行所见所闻 都给他留下了深刻的印象。 ? （二）以 it 作假主语所引出的真主语 从句，翻译时视情况可以提前，也可 以不提前。 1. 真主语从句提前译，为了强调起见， it 一般 可以译出来，如果不需要强调， it 也可以不 译出来。 ? It doesnt make much difference whether he attends the meeting or not. ? 他参加不参加会议没有多大关系。 ? It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash. ? 驾驶员在飞机坠毁之后 ，竟然还能活着，这 看来是不可想象的。 ? 2. 真主语从句不提前， it 一般不需要 译出来。 It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings. ? 真奇怪，她竟然没有看出自己的缺点。 ? It is reported that the meeting will be held in June. ? 据报，这个会将在六月间举行。 ? It was obvious that I had become the pawn in some sort of top level power play. ? 很清楚，某些高级人物在玩弄权术，而我却 成了他们的工具。 ? 二、宾语从句 （一）用 that, what, how 等引起的宾语从句 汉译时一般不需要改变它在原句中的顺序。 ? I told him that because of the last condition, Id have to turn it down. ? 我告诉他，由于那最后一个条件，我只得谢 绝。 ? Can you hear what I say? ? 你听得到我所讲的吗？ ? I also told him how appealing I found the offer. ? 我也告诉他，这提供的机会对我有多么大的 吸引力。 ? （二）用 it 作假宾语的句子，汉译时 that 引起的宾语从句一般可按原文顺 序； it 不译 I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 oclock in the morning. ? 我向他们讲清楚了的，他们必须在上午十点 前交卷。 ? I take it for granted that you will come and talk the matter over with him. ? 我想你会来跟他谈这件事情的。 ? 但有时在译文中也可将 that 引起的宾 语从句提前。 I regard it as an honor that I am chosen to attend the meeting. ? 我被选参加会议，感到光荣。 ? Anyhow, old chap, I owe it to you that Im here. ? 不管怎么说，老朋友，我现在还能在这儿， 全靠你。 ? 三、表语从句 英语表语从句跟宾语从句一样，一般可按原 文顺序翻译。 ? What he emphasized over and over again was that, no matter how difficult it might be, they should never retreat even for an inch. ? 他所再三强调的就是，不管多么困难，他们 绝不应该后退寸步。 ? His view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or against him. ? 他对新闻界的看法是，记者们不是支持他， 就是反