2021届高考英语二轮复习：完形填空之说明文.docVIP

完形填空之说明文 高考完形填空题中，说明文是较难理解的一种文体，往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，结构严谨，句子结构复杂，开头点题，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象，一般按一定的顺序展开，采用比较正式的文体，表述准确严谨，生词术语较多，句子较长，结构较为复杂，遣词用字简练，并且条理清晰。做完型填空要做到： 1. 快速弄清文章大意 结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，了解文章大意。说明文往往生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。 2. 弄清楚说明的顺序 把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。 3. 把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节 把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，我们还要特别注意，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。 4. 注重上下文语境 应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服＂思维定势＂，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。 5. 熟练做题方法，遵循四个原则： （1）上下一致。每个选择项必须从全文出发，从大处着手，避免孤立地分析每一空格，造成误选。 （2）语法正确。从语法地角度去考虑动词的时态、语态以及词类用法。 （3）逻辑合理。在完形填空题中，逻辑推理非常重要，有时每个选择项从语法上讲都正确，但是有的是不合语境逻辑的。 （4）符合搭配。英语中固定搭配很多，需要熟练掌握，才能做好此类题目。 （上海高考真题）People on a college campus were more likely to give money to the March of Dimes if they were asked for a donation by a disabled woman in a wheelchair than if asked by a nondisabled woman. In another 9 , subway riders in New York saw a man carrying a stick stumble（绊脚） and fall to the floor. Sometimes the victim had a large red birthmark on his 10 ; sometimes he did not. In this situation, the victim was more likely to 11 aid if his face was spotless than if he had an unattractive birthmark. In 12 these and other research findings, two themes are 13 : we are more willing to help people we like for some reason and people we think 14 assistance. In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid. 15 , in a field study researchers placed a completed application to graduate school in a telephone box at the airport. The application was ready to be 16 , but had apparently been lost. The photo attached to the application was sometimes that of a very 17 person and sometimes that of a less attractive person. The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not. Results showed that people were more likely to 18 the application if the p