b桥梁结构分析有限元finite elements for nonlinear continua structures belytschko-典尚设计chapter3.pdfVIP

T. Belytschko, Continuum Mechanics, December 16, 1998 1 CHAPTER 3 CONTINUUM MECHANICS by Ted Belytschko Northwestern University Copyright 1996 DRAFT 3.1 INTRODUCTION Continuum mechanics is an essential building block of nonlinear finite element analysis, and a mastery of continuum mechanics is essential for a good understanding of nonlinear finite elements. This chapter summarizes the fundamentals of nonlinear continuum mechanics which are needed for a development of nonlinear finite element methods. It is, however, insufficient for thoroughly learning continuum mechanics. Instead, it provides a review of the topics that are particularly relevant to nonlinear finite element analysis. The content of this chapter is limited to topics that are needed for the remainder of the book. Readers who have little or no familiarity wi ontinuum mechanics should consult texts such as Hodge (1970), Mase and Mase (1992), Fung (1994), Malvern (1969), or Chandrasekharaiah and Debnath (1994). The first three are the most elementary. Hodge (1970) is particularly useful for learning indicial notation and the fundamental topics. Mase and Mase (1992) gives a concise introduction with notation almost identical to that used here. Fung (1994) is an interesting book with many discussions of how continuum mechanics is applied. The text by Malvern (1969) has be e a classic in this field for it provides a very lucid and prehensive description of the field. Chandrasekharaiah and Debnath (1994) gives a thorough introduction with an emphasis on tensor notation. The only topic treated