自动化英文文献翻译.doc

PAGE PAGE 33 附 录 Programmable logic controller From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search PLC \o Input/output input/output arrangements A programmable logic controller (PLC) or programmable controller is a \o Digital computer digital computer used for \o Automation automation of \o Electromechanical electromechanical processes, such as control of machinery on factory \o Assembly line assembly lines, control of amusement rides, or control of lighting fixtures. PLCs are used in many different industries and machines such as packaging and semiconductor machines. Unlike general-purpose computers, the PLC is designed for multiple inputs and output arrangements, extended temperature ranges, immunity to electrical noise, and resistance to vibration and impact. Programs to control machine operation are typically stored in battery-backed or \o Non-volatile storage non-volatile memory. A PLC is an example of a \o Real-time computing real time system since output results must be produced in response to input conditions within a bounded time, otherwise unintended operation will result. Features Control panel with PLC (grey elements in the center). The unit consists of separate elements, from left to right; \o Power supply power supply, controller, \o Relay relay units for in- and output The main difference from other computers is that PLCs are armored for severe conditions (dust, moisture, heat, cold, etc) and have the facility for extensive \o Input/output input/output (I/O) arrangements. These connect the PLC to \o Sensor sensors and \o Actuator actuators. PLCs read limit \o Switch switches, analog process variables (such as temperature and pressure), and the positions of complex positioning systems. Some even use \o Machine vision machine vision. On the actuator side, PLCs operate \o Electric motor electric motors, \o Pneumatic pneumatic or \o Hydraulic hydraulic cylinders, magnetic \o Relay relays or \