油层物理学：Section 3 Permeability(渗透率) of Reservoir Rocks.ppt

Examination of chapter one Concepts of oil * Section 3 Permeability(渗透率) of Reservoir Rocks 1. Darcys Law(达西定律) Hydraulic head of section 1： Hydraulic head of section 2： 1.1 Darcy’s experiment Permeability is a the ability of the formation to conduct fluids. Converted pressure Darcy’s low(达西定律)： k—Permeability(渗透率) A-cross sectional area Absolute permeability(绝对渗透率) of a rock is the ability of the rock to allow a fluid with which it is saturated to flow through its pores. Darcy’s law suppose that： (1)There is no reaction between fluid and rock. (2)There is only one fluid present. The proe space must be 100% saturated with the flowing fluid. (3)Laminar flow in the porous medium. The flow rate will be sufficiently low to be directly proportional to the pressure gradient. The differential form: 1.2 The Units of darcy’s low 1 darcy = 1000 mD(毫达西) 1cP(厘泊)=1mPa.s The international unit: The Dacy unit: = 10-8 cm2 = 1um2 1darcy(达西)= 1cm3/s×1cP×1cm 1cm2×1atm 1cm3/s×1mPa.s×1cm 1cm2×105Pa = 1D=1um2 The mixed unit: X—flow direction (1)Horizontal linear flow： 1.3 Darcy’s law for simplified systems P2 P1 （2）vertical flow： (3)Radial flow(径向流)： rw r Pe Pw re r 2. Darcy’s Equation for Gases Flow (1) Gas Permeability According to Mariotte- Boyle’s law: Q1 P1 P2 Q2 dL Po Qo In Darcy’s law the volume flow rate is constant. In steady gas flow, the mass flow rate is constant, but the volume flow rate is not constant. For a liquid, the molecules move faster in the center than that along the wall of the tube. But for a gas, the moving velocities are almost the same in the tube. This characteristic of gas flowing in the capillary tube is called the slippage effect or Klinkenberg effect( ~ 效应). (2) Klinkenberg effect (~效应) or Slippage effect (气体滑动效应) Factors affect the Klinkenberg effect： Mean pressure； Molecular weight of gas。 Kg≠KL (3)The characteristic of permeability measured by gas： ⑶ all the lines when extrapolated to infinite mean pressure intercept t