【2018年职称英语综合类阅读判断基础练习（2）】 职称英语综合类.docVIP

【2018年职称英语综合类阅读判断基础练习（2）】 职称英语综合类 Why are the biggest winners in the past decade of trade globalization mostly in South and East Asia,whereas the biggest losers are mostly in the.former Soviet bloc（集团）and sub—Saharan Africa？ History is a partial guide：East Asia has a long trading tradition,lately reinvigorated（给以新的活力）by the Chinese adoption of ___rket economics.The Soviet Union,on the other hand,was sheltered from free— ___rket for ___s for more than 70 years.In Africa,some countries are disadvantaged because of inadequate infrastructure（基础结构）； ___ny countries have little to trade but modities,the pri ___s of which have fallen in re ___nt years. In some regions, ___rtain countries have suffered by adopting misguided policies,often under pressure from International Moary Fund.First among these is Russia.which in the early 1990s tried to embra ___ capitali ___ before first building the institutions that ___ke capitali ___ work,such as an independent bank system,a system of business law,and all adequate method for collecting taxes.Encouraged by the IMF the World Bank and the U.S.Department of the Treasury,President Boris Yeltsins regime privatized the state.owned industrial sector,creating a class of oligarchs（寡头 ___集团成员）,who,knowing how unstable conditions were at home.sent their money abroad instead of investing it at home. In contrast,China,the biggest winner from globalization,did not follow the IMF formula. Of the former states of the Soviet bloc,only a few,notably Poland and Hungary, ___naged to grow,which they did by ignoring IMF advi ___ and adopting expansionary plans.including spending more than they collected in taxes.Botswana and Uganda are also Suess stories：despite their disadvantages,their countries achieved vigorous growth by creating stable civil societies,liberalizing trade and implementing reforms that ran counter to IMF prescriptions. 16 Japan has a long trading tradition. A RightB WrongC Not mentioned 17 Russia was wrongly guided by the IMF.