二语习得复习资料.doc

编号： 时间：2021年x月x日 学海无涯 页码：第 PAGE 3页 共 NUMPAGES 13页 第 第 PAGE 1 页 共 NUMPAGES 1 页 二语习得复习资料 Chapter 2: Innate capacity: natural ability Sequential bilingualism: when a second language is introduced after the native language has been acquired.Simultaneous bilingualism: when young children acquire more than one language at the same time. What is the initial state of language development for L1 and L2 respectively? L1-innate capacity L2-L1,world knowledge,interaction skills,possibly innate capacity. What is a necessary condition for language learning (L1 or L2?) Input is necessary for both L1 and L2;social interaction is necessary for L1. Give at least two reasons that many scientists believe in some innate capacity for language. a.Children begin to learn their L1 at the same age,and in much the same way,whether it is English,Bengali,Korean,Swahili,or any other language in the world. b.If children had to actually learn the abstract rules of language,then only the smartest would ever learn to talk,and it would take several years more to learn L1than it actually does. C.children master the basic phonological and grammatical operations in their L1 by age five or six,regardless of what the language is. D.Children can understand and create novel utterances;they are not limited to repeating what they hear around them. E.there is a cut-off age for L1 acquisition,beyond which it can never be complete. Linguists have taken an internal and /or external focus to the study of language acquisition.What is the difference between the two? The internal focus seeks to account for speakers’ internalized,underlying knowledge of language.The external focus emphasizes language use,including the functions of language which are realized in learners’ production at different stages of development. Chapter 3 Briefly explain how language is systematic,symbolic and social. Systematic:Languages consist of recurrent elements which occur in regular patterns of nguage